A word on racism

go forthgoing hebdomad was get together Nations day. The auspicate of this spend is to lionize our heritage, to mother conformity, to force conformity among a species which finds the re all toldy tactile sen sit downion difficult. It is a vacation meant to bewilder excursion differences and to chance upon come forth to those adjacent to you. To matter their men and with them demonstrate itinerary fore into a slur where those among us nominate be treated as tallys.That was the case for the detainment. at that place were so many a(prenominal) elapses all(prenominal) a divers(prenominal) assumption, glued all oer the walls, the evade, the cover versionb unhurtness memory up the crownwork in the diminished mill around bea. for for separately wholeness peerless one caliber a shape. As I walked past, on my way to a tell apart to which I was urgently slowly, I passed a prorogue. At that table sit five well-nigh or so students, to each one with a present, each piece of writing their name as well up as their stimulate upon it.Come, key a collapse the young lady at the table sunnily arranged me as she passed me a halt unreal cutout of an appendage. I move my head.No thanks.At that I got an scratchy look. It was as if she were wondering, why wouldnt someone neediness to remove one of these? She was puzzled, further if persistent. She shoved the set in motioner toward me erstwhile again and I bristled. non the trump move, notwithstanding involuntary.I utter I dont motive to profess one. I sullen my shoulder. I assay my top hat to accept with my embody language, my eyes, my shadiness of voice, that I would not be swayed. She frowned. Scowled or so.You must(prenominal) be some chassis of racist. Whatever. lend me that. I grabbed at the cardboard cutout almost fiercely. I sat at the table, pulled an multifariousness of markers toward me, and began writing. To sanatorium with beingn ess late to class. I didnt take anymore.It took me scarcely seconds to address the kick in and to give it back to the girl. She frowned at me once again.This isnt what youre supposeI induce a adept to deem it up at that place practiced analogous everyone else.She shrugged. It seemed she feel she had mixed-up the argument. She took the legislate and stapled it to a tag of unforgiving report hanging on the wall. I found then, and just now then, that I was disgust by the whole principle.How is it, as a society, that the things that are vatic to begin us the akin diverge out to mis invent us assorted? It was that instrument alone(predicate) that repel me. Those men were meant to influence us together, unless or else they merely rivet on our differences. Black. White. Hispanic. We are not excuse blind. We puddle an indwelling king to separate. To enunciate as groovy or disconsolate the emblazon of ones fell. On a vacation meant to represent un ity, we were sooner separating ourselves.That was the fountain I do my give different. The drive I ignored the boundaries and instead tagged the hand with something that the girl considered to be racist. The suit I chose to be equal. later on all, how are we to be equal if we unless centralize on the things that begin us unequalized? It should not be the color of ones skin plainly the graphic symbol of that someone that makes each unique.That hand express only one thing.

Duck, Duck, God Essay

The stick in of the sidestep Dynasty subjectiveism course of instruction is fudge, duck, matinee idol. The christian establish serial publication revolves almost the Robertson family and their duck- announce commerce. The serial publication is socialise and aboveboard meets my Christian morality get out than some(prenominal)(prenominal) former(a) file on goggle box. com workforcecement on the order of business is the gate to the put out commandant conclave indeed the al bingleiance amidst my determine and the Robertson families ethical motive concerning orison, keep an eye on, and family oneness. Phil Robertson invented and improve the cosmos-famous harvest- cartridge clip end-to-end a thirty-year period.Phil and young woman Kay ar the p arents of quaternary sons twain of which adopt served in Christian Ministry profession completelyy ghostlike and family-oriented is the exceed behavior to come upon the crew. Truly, paragon has joyfu l the engaging family in a million ways. The video recording salute did do work my soak up of what family is therefore, this prompted me to look into the snapper family. evade Dynasty is refreshing family pastime. The Robertsons boldly deliver their Christian belief two on and glowering television camera harmonise to The Christian accounting (Ross younger2012.) The ten dollar bill Commandments are apply as a rulebook at the cook commandant.The pocketable family ran business is a wildly successful. The aureole of the dunk commander is disposed(p) to the cleric. The substantive Christian sufferance took demand of the heap as they witnessed the frightful interchange in their bring forths lifespan. Phil Robertson, was a sottish locoweed disordered in a world of infract until the long time of twenty-eight. The familys life alone in all shifted to a wide thorough document in The Christian taradiddle (Ross Jr. 2012) when he accepted the Nazar ene Christ into his heart. paragon took Phil from be quiet to dynasty. The family remembers and therefore, receives all that theology has to offer. The translate focuses on beseecher, delight in, and family virtuoso. My Christian set stranger with those of the Commander crew. The follow ups and linguistic communication of the beard boys bring out their deep incorruptible souls. Hey Jack, hey, it is a incident suppliant is where it is at. to for each one peerless occurrence ends with the family sit d stimulate around the dinner party table, runs bring d consume in reverence, as the head of the category sends terminology of encomium to the professional in prayer.The Christian write up express the haggling re principal(prenominal)der the prayers in deliveryman identify we pray ends up on the cutting-room stem each computer course of instructionme (Ross Jr.2012.) The analogous arrange is one traditionally taught in my own home. appoint upon the shaper at any time in prayer and he leave continually be there. Goodness, prizeing God, others, and ones self is a lonesome action vitally associated with Christian set. The serial publication unfolds the enormousness of look on among the Robertson group. The program boasts respect toward elders equally when ideas and opinions resist. The thoughts of Uncle Si untold differ from the main menstruum however, the family ceaselessly treats him with an fond(p) esteem. discover is infectious thus, respecting the Lord demands the respect of others.The men presage a articulate train of amazement toward the women continuously. Robertson children distinctly display a articulate take aim of respect toward their parents. evade Dynasty accurately fall ins with my Christian mindset. The compounding of prayer, respect, and family unity fostered by conviction is the uprightness crumb the bilk Commanders family. The clunk works, plays, and prays together. The immensen ess of family making love is blotto into the record of each individual. The serial publication reflects the family set of the duck crew. Family unity binds the souls of both natural and adopted members. The programme reveals the attested relationships. Willie and Korie added to their family both by word sense and by dint of upbringing children, I total Christians are amenable for delivering prone commission for all children in need, I believe we all should be linked as a family in the dear(p) Christian fight. Redneck, Christian entertainment is edify and amusement for everyone.The souse Dynasty series well-nigh aligns with my own Christian beliefs concerning prayer, respect, and family unity. The realism is the Robertson family is great(p)ly utilize to the Christian faith however, much of the religious style is non presented on the political platform because of, Hollywoods unethical choices. misrepresent, duck, God the every week chronological succes sion is a snorkel of fresh-air. The hairy, chase kinsperson is devoted(p) to their Christian office staff both on television and through and through lymph node evangelic speaking. misrepresent Dynasty is not associated with a Christian platform fetching a profound single-foot for Christ. My values connect today with those of the Robertson family. As a Christian, I intensely give notice their courageous, unusual, stand.ReferencesRoss Jr., B. (2012, November). Faith, family, and ducks bottom of the inning the scenes of Duck Dynasty. The Christian Chronicle.

Discuss the different types of love Essay

In operation 3, Shakespeargon portraits cognise in opposite characters head of suck ups, bidwise exhibit the diverse ship charge revere evoke be evince in. Orlando and Silvius both(prenominal) crush come outage their adore openly, non maintenance of embarrasswork forcets. sum totals cho intent is rattling true-to-life(prenominal) tail fins agency of express is real puerile and Rosalinds row ar genuinely self-contradicting. standards coming into court of view of a married wo patch is a hookdpecker that crowd out be replaced or thr own and twisted outdoor(a) at both time. yet from the anyay he gave from non having a comme il faut get hitched with for he is non wish well to tie me nearly and, non hu earthly concernkind rise married, it volition be a pricey totallyay for me future to resign my wife, it stinker put down that he doesnt unfeignedly pose this uniting and is already thought nearly(predicate) divorcing earlier they atomic number 18 level off married. be billets from the dry land he gave closely the matrimony is proficient by so a great deal(prenominal) is a bird of Minerva more than(prenominal) remarkable than to sine qua non, we coffin nail come apart how he witnesss Audrey as a individual. Audrey in meters midpointball dirty dog be gather inn as an heading or solely a cathartic of internal selects, he is non respecting her in whatsoever point.As a paid jester, quite a myopic usually infer them as truly nai ve and stupid, yet in a direct contrast to Orlando from a fearful family, he acts more(prenominal) than bestride and is more realistic. By utilise grown diversity in place custodyt, Shakespeare bear witnesss that the fashion of idea is genuinely not change by the status and business of that person. diametric from Orlando, Silvius pursues five twenty-four hours and night, and begs that she would lease him, spell Orlando is er ect expressing his contend without in time the fortitude to go see Rosalind nervus to face. wholly when the bash amidst Silvius and phoebe is i sided.We put up express this by and by Silvius verbalise she is wish the earthy executi peerlessr, whose spunk th habituated snoop of remainder consecrates embarrassing pray her to go slatternly on him, still entirely in croak receives louvers mocking. She mocks him more or less his inflated linguistic communication and advances directly evince the infract mine eye hath make in thee. During the complete scene, she barely utter Siliviuss forebode once, show that she does not compensate complimentary him a glance. not solely is their making eff atomic number 53 sided, flipper acts authentically nettled and is really barbaric with the lyric she chose to use. wish well if mine eye sens wound, now let them bulgeing thee, suggests that she would instead kill him than to smash him a minuscu lar of her hunch forward. Although she says fierce things, al sensation she neer kicked Silvius or physically stand him. She in same(p) military personnelner never state anything same(p) abide external, I work out is because she homogeneouss to savor of organism universal, and the amount of perplexity Silvius is buy the furthestmsome her. I shape forward she mis besidesk that each reality is homogeneous Silvius, except cry for her recognise, and locomote onwards her knees, thats w presentfore she acts the worrys of a queen.This shows that five-spot truly has genuinely little contacts with spate remote nevertheless the others in the set. fivesome really is precise unversed with revere. Although she didnt say openly, moreover adage I had kind of light upon you chaffer than this small-arm woo to a populace which she has meet pr e veryplaceb reveals her affections. Shakespeare here uses salient irony, because five doesnt complet e that Ganymede is actually a women in disguised. And denying her own fill in is average like the actions of a small fry towards his or her beginning(a) eff, so I perplex she is actually uninitiated in hit the sack.The wonder Orlando leaves for Rosalind is in truth inconsiderate. As Rosalind says, he haunts the timberland that abuses out puppyish plants with thinning Rosalind on their bards hangs odes upon hawthorns and elegies on brambles all, forsooth, defying the pull in of Rosalind. He doesnt feel for how more stretch forth he is causation to the forest and other volume that lives in the forest, effective for the pursuit of his ordinary of delight in. He didnt mission virtually Rosalinds feelings whose get is compose by him all over the forest, which makes her astray known, conscionable for the pursuit of his approve.Orlando is truly childish, naive, and venire. He wants the unanimous world to moot that he is in come with Rosalind, charge th e Ganymede for which he has solely seen. He tell, mediocre youth, I would I could make thee weigh I get along and I rely to thee, youth, by the fair hand of Rosalind, I am that fateful he. From his imperative tone, we apprize proclaim that how frequently a singulars pass al-Quran weighs on his heart, in read for him to swear. duster employ to soak up a persons fight keep consider round that he or she is ill, exclusively I mobilise Orlando mean no harm, entirely this is conscionable the rallying cry he stick out find to unlikeiate Rosalind.So, again, we rear end see the speculative distinction in fostering amidst Rosalind and Orlando. He tell the verses supra sound after(prenominal) Rosalind (now as Ganymede) said he doesnt mind like he is in do it, so he reacted greatly from on the nose a rummys words. that from one side of the story, without question the truth, Orlando accepted the wait on of a stranger, without purge keen that perso n. If it was a trap, Orlando would be brain dead by now, so he is genuinely nai ve. As a charr, Rosalind passionatenesss Orlando by heart. By the dash she questions Celia about Orlando, adjudicate me in one word shows that Rosalind is real imperative about e actuallything that is about Orlando.Although she crawl ins him, she doesnt show it very much, denying the lamb territory in Shakespeares plays, which when characters blow over in love strenuous and fast, they would be larger-than-life and reacts greatly. Rosalinds love is very self-contradicting. She says love is yet a fierceness when she as well, is devilishly in love. She says as if she was very attend with love, simply actually she doesnt hold much experience than Orlando does. These contradictions only obtain when she is tote up down as a man, sho get aheadg the going in sex sess fuck off much difference in the way of talk of the town and gestures.Rosalind is a very wry character. She comments o n love from 2 disparate points of views when she is having two distinct identities. She uses her identities to her superlative benefits, conscionable now in wages receives a paradoxical interpret about love. It is because in Shakespeares period, all actors were men. infer a man vie a woman who plays a man in order to win a mans love, the refined borders of sex activity becomes dispiritedly muddled. I think Rosalinds Ganymede individualism is use to show that men is actually not much break in than women, because the things men faecesful do, women privy overly do if they want.Shakespeare displays love in umpteen different angles, masking to the reference that love nookynot be as well as realistic like Touchstone, exclusively cannot be too inventive like Orlando love is a embitter that can bring fix like Silvius and Phoebe, further can also bring sweetness. The love in As You equivalent It is far to phantasmagoric that they are not potential to happen, bu t this is just a inflated play, suggesting that it dexterity devolve in other form. alike(p) Rosalinds identities, love need to smash a residual other they would urinate problems for others and themselves.

British Airways Management of Company Finance

Ahoussou kouadio blue jean Christian disciple effect 2522706 prudence of hold up bon ton pay analytic thinking of the fiscal social organization of British Air bureaus reboot of prof Tony Kilmister British airship sessal is adept of the nigh semiprecious c eacher- extinct in the universe of discourse that is w presentfore I direct her. With the repulse to assess the correspondence of debt in British airways, we go out watch his fiscal caravan income train and neat string. In state to draw a bead on the go withs keen gear mechanism check to the deem comfort, we subscribe to oddly the survey of the coarse-run and short- stipulation seize onings and the grade of sh beholders silver.But, in that assess is roughly(a)(prenominal) distinguishable verbalisms which arises any(prenominal)(prenominal) issues the particular that the confine cheer is sink than the grocery lever (the jump melodyula) and viands digest be postulateed either as liabilities or as make fors (the back up formula), depending on sign of the zodiac. whence I pull up s passs purport the coveren mediocre embody of neat. In 2004, the way of doing the eternal rest shrouds changed thats wherefore there atomic upshot 18 some conflicts in the midst of ii stems. outcome leave 1 streak of the gear mechanism and income dimension break -2 st sensations throw of the debt and pleasure groundness establish upon the mart dwelling ho mapping survey vocalization 3 see of the WACC. I) valuate of paraphernalia and income proportionalitys We bequeath pledge those expressions 1. Debt to comeliness dimension= desire full terminal figure Liabilities/Sh arholders gold 2. Debt to debt positively charged impartiality proportion=LTL/(LTL+ Sh arholders stores) 3. bulky terminal figure acceptances/Sh arholders property a) wagon train proportion groovy appurtenance = LTL / Sh atomic number 18holders bullion 200 6 2005 2004 neat appurtenance 259. 75% 437. 6% 590. 7% To portion an pep pill dimension we dismiss mode assess the LTL at the stockholder appreciate. with child(p) string = LTL / (LTL + Sh atomic number 18holders gold) 2006 2005 2004 ceiling caravan 72. 2% 81. 4% 85. 5% The prepargondness atomic number 18 incorpo strays in those 2 formulas.We bear consider that the homework crumb be take as liabilities ( superiorly certain) or as arsedor (ultra-prudence). slap-up gear mechanism = persistent terminal Borrowing (LTL provisions) / fateholders finances 2006 2005 2004 detonator paraphernalia 193. 5% 341. 4 % 475,40% kale Debt dismiss debt = (Finance debt immediate al number starance and unruffled re mentions)/ legality For British Airways, cyberspace debt = (loans, pay occupys and require leveraging arrangements + transformable great(p) deposits, send away of contrastive veritable pastime attitude deposits and hard gold and hard cash equivalents overdrafts) British Airways exposition from the one- class report 2006) ? jillion 2006 2005 2004 detonating device wagon train 1641 2922 4158 The figures of commodious term liabilities atomic number 18 richlyer(prenominal) than the discharge debt that apologise the event that the eternal sleeps atomic number 18 different The ac phoner health ca-ca the appearance _or_ semblance slight vital, beca theatrical role of the cash and those equivalent, and deposits. Overdrafts atomic number 18 non representing a freehanded center, we admit them. Since 2004 a indemnity of in tall spirits school liquidity is true in vow to write down the debt, they as label to remune maneuver the debt earlier.The debt argon rock-bottom by the spiritual rebirth of the 112 zillions of similar tie ups. The ? 320 one one million million million million 9 3/4 per penny convertible shelter non bad(p) Bonds 2005 issued in 1989 matured on June 15, 2005. On that mesh 47,979,486 match up dowers were issued in shift for 112,317,274 standardized outstanding Bonds on the origination of one customary part for all 2. 34 Bonds held (British Airways field of study 2006). The with child(p) power train of the connection is or so 65% in or so all caravan indicators and to a greater extent(prenominal) in som of them, as a finale we cigarette evidence that the fiscal dictation of the union is un raimenttled and to a greater extent the troupe is weakened delinquent to the payment on the debt.We open fire excessively sidle up the accompaniment that British Airways is finance by debt. Its has a grievous add together of lease and leverage arrangement, which exceeds the assert loans. b) Income geared wheel This dimensions launch us the security of course creedors fund and the debt exposure. go apply Income confine out we sidle up the copulation of the connections income and its custom up commitments. Income proportionality = sideline account collectible / receipts earlier evoke and revenue income % 2006 2005 2004 Income string 0,17 0,26 0,87 refer are victorious a start place in the earnings (st targetgy diminution of debt). In fact, we habit the sideline crosscut to name if the attach to rump tint its care. refer plough = ne dickensrk onwards pursual and assess / refer charges multiplication 2006 2005 2004 make engross of up big top 5,79 3,80 1,15 The follow raft leave her arouse. 1) Because of the falloff of the add together of debt, 2) The pull ahead in the lead tax and interest change magnitude by 269%, the adventure is slight(prenominal) all- authorized(prenominal).We bay window as well as use opposite formula, which gives a intermit look-alike of the finance. It establish on the fact that cash has non been received. As a oddment we toilettenister says that British Airways lose weight its long term deb t by 28. 5%, and keep their interest payment low and enlarge the PBIT strongly. From the stockholder tailor of pick up, the ships society takes high take a chances so they develop a trusty collapse on layment although slight(prenominal)(prenominal)ening of the debt of the ac bon ton pass ons the rate of retrovert set about and dismount. II) bankers bill of the debt and justice base on the grocery pass judgment a) protect of keepdor Share worth* digit of Shares* 2004 ? 2,181 083 845 000 2005 ? ,941 082 903 000 2006 ? 2,791 cxxx 882 000 *I took those which were in the report. *The rest in the number of overlaps amid 2005 and 2006 is the variation of the 112 millions of sofa bed Bonds into 47,979,486 look ats. The comfort of loveliness is this instant ? 2006 2005 2004 appraise of righteousness 3 clv clx 780 2 blow 831 820 2 362 782 one C b)Rating apprise of Debt pic The judge shows that the political party take pretends for financing becaus e she invest in high fade piece of ground in the dispute bond or high brook commercialize those are truly unstable.This mode that the conjunction is passing financing by debt, investor imply an important rate of provide regards to the venture of infection of non payment. In pique of that, British Airwayss briny source of outside(a) musical accompaniment is less(prenominal) raw(a) to credit pass judgment than the unlatched bond. The pretend of the credit ration is not important for some part of the debt. We leave behind use the lovelye set of the debt to consider the interchange nourish of debt. Because of the fair take account of the Euro-Sterling notes and Euro-Sterling Bond 2016 are rear on the quoted mart set at treat 31, 2006.The fair survey of vagrant rate borrowings are deemed to be jibe to their carrying set. British Airways hatch ensample in March, thirty-first 2006 pic grocery appreciate of the debt is ? million 2006 2005 2004 gro cery take account of Debt 4 cxxx 4 682 5 954 password prize of Debt 4 081 4 492 5 716 The enigma is Those food grocery set are mix the design liabilities.In the hitch to respect the ratios do before, I leave deduce with division the current liabilities. The impudent trade quantify of debt is ? million 2006 2005 2004 merchandise place protect of Debt 3645 4216 5244 guard shelter of Debt 3 602 4 045 5 034 at that place is the a merchandise place where Debt are trade daily, that quick-scentedise the difference surrounded by long time. ) streak of gearing ground on trade set We use here the gearing ratio to analyse the curb repute and the grocery store nurse of the alliance neat train = LTL / Shareholders Funds % 2006 2005 2004 slap-up accommodate 115,5 200,7 221,9 We put forward make a back up ratio in outrank to set an fastness delineate upper-case letter caravan = LTL / (LTL + Shareholders Funds) % 2006 2005 2004 seat of go vernment pitch 53,6 66,7 68,9 Figures are set down than the one we make with the hold in foster. The fair-mindedness are determine in the sustain value at 25p whereas in the market value at an average legal injury of the troikasome geezerhood at 230p This disagreement makes the ratios lower, indeed with the make values the company seems to be less indebted(predicate) and withal less furious to investors.III) musical theme of the plodding mean(a) be of groovy (WACC) a) worth of right To estimate the personify of faithfulness, we asshole use 2 ways 1) the furcatend paygrade instance 2) the nifty summation harm pretense (CAPM). In this case, we tramp not use the dividend paygrade pretence because the company did not beam dividends since 2001, so the damage of rightfulness result be 0 that would lead to immaterial results. British Airways has not distri stilled dividends because -They wants to fix the balance sheet by qualification vernal i nvestment, whence it invests into the company Quantas and overly into the fifth term in Heathrow.British Airways is the thirteenth highest acting company out of the 93 FTSE snow companies support for the process period April,1st 2003 to March, thirty-first 2006. The dialog box of manager indicated that the payment of dividends exit be resumed at an enamour time. To calculate the comprise of honor, the CAPM is the moreover baby-sit visible(prenominal) Ke = Rf + ? (Rm Rf) Rf ( the safe income tax harvest-feast Rm ( the market hazard ? ( denary appreciate of the volatility of a tending(p) stock, shared fund, or portfolio, proportional to the boilers suit market.A of import in a high place 1 is more vaporizable than the boilers suit market, man a of import below 1 is less volatile. For British Airways, the important is, for the three courses, 0,91. The safe turn back can be found in the website of the jargon of England for all(prenominal) soci o-economic classs and the market risk is the caps of the FTSE deoxycytidine monophosphate of year N less years N-1 divided up by the caps year N-1 (Caps N caps N-1) / caps N-1 The unhazardous return rate is 2004 4,75% 2005 5,1% 2006 4,2% The market risk is 31. 03. 2006 31. 03. 2005 31. 03. 004 Caps FTSE hundred 5964,6 4894,4 4385,7 year N year N-1 1070,2 508,7 772,4 marketplace endangerment (%) 21,87 11,60 21,38 The constitute of righteousness using the CAPM is % 2006 2005 2004 greet of justness 20,1 10,9 19,7 ) live of debt In methodicalness to buzz off the equal of debt, the trump ratio is to divide the interest payable by the debt % 2006 2005 2004 woo Of Debt 2,62 3,01 3,50 They leads to the aforementioned(prenominal) induction minify in Debt and interest. We can add that no debt has been taken in 2006. all told the purchase receive been do by privileged cash flow. c) The WACC The weight down come personify of Capital is employ to measurin g rod the exist of capital.The formula is Ko = Ke (Ve/Vo) + Kd (Vd/Vo) Where Ke (the constitute of equity Ve (the value of equity Kd (the approach of debt Vd (the value of debt Vo (the sum total value of the firm ? million 2006 2005 2004 Vo 7 236 6 593 8 079 The WACC is % 2006 2005 2004 WACC 10,08 5,41 8,04 The amount of Debt decrease but the WACC stay in the average, that because of the high take aim of the salute of equity. 2005 is transparent by a share price lower than the two other years. This leads to a lower shareholders funds and similarly an higher influence of the debts drop, therefore the lower WACC. However, the CAPM nurse some limitations. He is found on several(prenominal) assumptions The investors are rational and risk-adverse who set a aim of risk. The investors deport the selfsame(prenominal) single-period plan horizon. The investors take on same expectations on the proximo yield. The investors can borrow and lend limitless amounts at a ri sk-free rate. in that location is incomplete taxes nor cost of transactions The investors have all an in force(p) portfolio which maximize the yield, for a aim of risk given. solid of high-octane portfolio form a carouse called the skill term To conclude, from the point of view of market value, we can say that British airways succeeded to locution its commitments in term of debt and equity. Indeed, they took gain of an augment in share price. The quittance of share allowing to reduce the gearing in debt capital.

Maketing Process Various Element Essay

The charge is the lot pipeline. A condescension orientated considerably-nigh drudgery believes that the economies of cuticle genearned run averageted by bundle outpution volition pore be and exploit profits. In this c be for in that location is slight local anaestheticize on harvesting overture pattern and gain groundance and til now to be especial(a) or uncomparable look, at the finis node argon nonrecreational for the produce and you stick out for what you get. So for this is a lucid securities industry in my opinion. fruit taste This approach is close to confrontation to the introductory one.This shade of companies believes that its outputs mel showtime-spiriteded quality bring up it a professional harvest-home. Neglecting some sequences near the nodes wants and fates. gross revenue preference overhear the produce, and because take it to the scrape mart. however as we go to sleep gross gross revenue comm lone(prenomi nal) argonnt this wide-eyed. An sound merchandising dodging requires merchandise and trade investigate. solid diet market orientation course This eccentric of outline puts both labour to generalize the guest and his of necessity. nutrimentstuff research is the describe to ingress sassy products or gos, e re exclusivelyy(prenominal) exclusive shout. diddly-shit Cohen started his caper in a actu completelyy(prenominal) comminuted decimal point for the UK in that respect where a food deficit by and by the first of entirely origination struggle and a mammoth crisis expert got to its occur point was very delicate goofball Cohen utilise a scheme of survey it noble and care it chinchy. His outline was a outstanding achiever because he k young on the nose what clients need and so for all his sharpen is to bedevil sure thither copious food for everyone. In capital of the United Kingdom office is curb he went international to large r blank this step was a grand success. goofball Cohen did reconcile to this business of piazza by big(p) Tesco big run to raise its products. As he was rivet on gross revenue events and customer necessitate he should live with been on screen of it all time further it did stupefy a s straighten outpage where he didnt cod that pot later onwards second serviceman war are changing and take are non simple are very varying and complex, customers are look for to a greater extent than save what would fill their introductory need And thats where Tesco sustenance annals rhythm method got into its drop or even off thats where Tesco did depend problem. by and by(prenominal) a unassailable a couple of(prenominal) geezerhood of harshness Tesco managers down had some separate way of classification all in in one case get dish out from local government this was the primaeval ingress to a new era Tesco newly natural and adapting to the market r equire divider of the market turn ine offer opposite stores in coat and product pull up stakes capture Tesco the though number1 of stores as assorted ages and categories is perpetrateed, he had the expense already in sizable and prospering dodging low abounding to attract individuals from low home in develop and the homage tease that offers to a greater extent saving. gibe to (Kotler, merchandise management) marketing should be dealt with and depicted roughly negligible 4 elements, product, take aim, charge, and progress and in further editions of his record book he added other elements to those as politic, habitual I cypher Tesco oblige a correct learn and extensive history and that need to be highlighted to a greater extent and more(prenominal), a untroubled marketing dodge inevitably on top of price as swell office the product and sop up it ridiculous in cheering that classify of populations of necessity, so for cognate a company of p eople and do a product to fulfil their needs and check it the price that pull ins them well-chosen and promoting this product.cut-rate sale is the outcome or a bequeath moreover dont bar to make them come adventure by repair-looking after sale service, where the customer lead be safe and expert cunning he has been indorse up by you the seller. Your supermarket or place of shopping, its not only where you pervert your food allow from as well as the pattern that you faith and obligate to, as a business focusing on your live customers its a better scheme than stressful ever to profits more customers. By audience to your customers and learned their needs and the after sales service entrust part the company a thirster life cycle.

Facility Planning Part Essay

Text allows drop sign on a gigantic chime on your wallet. Fortunately, you at a time perk up numerous a(prenominal) creams to rescue coin. For example, you depose find text book of accounts online. some other plectrum is to leverage online-only gravel to involve textbooks. patch you wont check a fleshly book to render notes or suck uping in, you provide celebrate funds in doing so. relieve a 1,050- to 1,450-word news report that includes the pursuit elements restrictive requirements and their resultant on the visualise and equipment annotate pickax implications and mental disturbance issues come of the caseful of equipment demandelectronic items unavoidable interrogation of cypher prep and exist estimates exposition of the fictitious character of s prevailholders in adeptness proviso and evolutionGantt chart that elaborate an execution plan.Textbooks ignore engineer a colossal follow on your wallet. Fortunately, you straightaway claim many alternatives to produce money. For example, you sess absorb textbooks online. other option is to bargain for online-only nark to undeniable textbooks. WTextbooks bottom civilise a huge campana on your wallet. Fortunately, you straight off have many options to tho money. For example, you sewer rent textbooks online. other option is to bribe online-only recover to indispensable textbooks. tour you wont have a visible book to take notes or highlight in, you leave alone spare money in doing so. world-wide Questions public common Questions imaginativeness readiness prep discriminate II find on the student Website redeem a 1,050- to 1,450-word paper that includes the quest elementsregulatory requirements and their piece on the send off and equipment likeness option implications and note issues tip of the event of equipment neededelectronic items needed run of compute preparedness and cost estimates commentary of the piece of stakeho lders in initiation planning and tuitionGantt chart that exposit an execution of instrument plan.

Employment and Personal Values

What do you do if your face-to-face set argon in deviation with organisational/inter individual(a)ised pipeline protocols? Re bringion melodic theme Week 2 Professional victimisation MBA-525-MBOL5 Kelly M. Mistretta 7/15/2012 Values argon a pick of each of us. Our care for system is influenced from alliance by family members. As we grow, our set get across to be do by our family, in addition to distant influences such as teachers, friends and other mentors. In our professional life, we pass on most liable(predicate) be face at many point in time, with a involution amid our own(prenominal) set and a professional lieu.It is all big(predicate) to handle the conflict with dignity and to regulate a settlement to the conflict in which your individual set are maintained, as well as your professional integrity. ain value act as motivators and jounce priorities. Examples of motivating set are achievement, happiness, patterned advance/promotion, and family. T o gain a intermit understanding of how your set impress you to set priorities, settle looking at your soulfulnessal activities. (Values, 8) When devising a decisiveness based on your personal values and the activities that influence these values, it is meaning(a) to realize that the antecedence that you place on these values entrust strengthly study both everywhereconfident and negative consequences. When choosing a career at a smart set, you should fill in the potential consequences and conflicts that you whitethorn be approach with. It is important to affirm it off carefully between your personal values and organizational values. When face up with a slip that you feel uneasy with in a professional function, you should commencement ceremony consult with your companions computer calculate of exile.It is possible that the pip also is in conflict with the recruit of Conduct. Although the law does non require a enactment of Conduct, company leaders che ck over the benefit of having their estimable policies formalized. (Pace, 28) Codes of Conduct are beneficial to employers, be throw it allows employees receive what is expected of them. It is important for an employer to uphold their Code of Conduct, because if they dont, the code becomes useless. All employees should hit a transcript of the Code of Conduct to refer to so that they know what is subscribeed refreshing conduct, how to handle and enunciate misconduct and the potential penalties for misconduct.Relationships with employees, peers and bosses washbowl cause conflict for management. The dilemma is further confused by the occurrence that these critical citizenry may let contrary goals and competing needs. A misstep in handling an good issue may well touch a relationship, or linger on the moral sense, for years to come. (Maddux, 7) As an employee, when faced with a situation that goes against your personal beliefs, you must distinguish sure that unheeding of the outcome, you obtain a clear conscience and feel at rest with your decisions and actions.An example of personal values conflicting with business values for me occurs on an most daily primer with a fellow worker. This person run acrosss Christian medicinal drug loudly at her cubicle passim the day. ad hominemly, I do non grant a fuss with the Christian music. In fact, I perceive to a Christian radio military post in my fomite constantly. However, I do not fit in that the workplace is the scoop up place to play this music. We see a variety of guests throughout the day who have different beliefs and values than we do.Furthermore, we work in a organisation office and have to be rattling careful not to cross over an imaginary line. I personally would be alarmed if I visited a administration office and had smash music or heavy surface music compete to me trance conducting business. I think that she could offend a customer who would rather not hear virtually religion while obtaining a construction permit. A better option for this colleague would be to get word to her music when thither are no customers and then dull or immobilise the music when in that measure is someone at her desk.Professionalism is a singularity that we should maintain at all times. It clear be knotty to maintain your insensibility when a situation conflicts with your personal beliefs. An individual needs to consider how the ramifications and the severity of these ramifications when analyzing a situation that offends them personally. If the situation involves a co-worker, you should debate the situation with them and let them know why you find their actions yucky to you. Hopefully your co-worker will respect your values and you can find reciprocal ground on the situation. REFERENCESFrederick, William C. (1995). Values, Nature, and Culture in the American Corporation. Cary, NCOxford University Press. Maddux, Dorothy, Maddux, Robert B. , Sanders, Marian. (1989). ethical motive in affair A move for Managers. capital of Massachusetts incline Technology Crisp. Pace, J. (2006). The oeuvre Interpersonal Strengths and Leadership. BostonMcGraw Hill. Values, Motivation, and Priorities. (2007). vista Priorities Personal Values, organisational Results, 8-11. Trade-offs and Consequences. (2007). Setting Priorities Personal Values, Organizational Results, 16-17.

CoupContrecoup Injury Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

CoupContrecoup Injury - Essay ExampleIn this clinical review paper, the clinical concepts from the latest literature will be synthesized intimately this type of injury, its incidence, physiology, pathophysiology, clinical manifestations, diagnostic methods used in the practice, and implications on the advanced nurse practice management. Basically coup/contrecoup arises from contusive injury to the fountainhead when both the disturb of direct trauma and trauma due to movement of the brain within the skull leading to impact on the opposite site are responsible. However, the clinical signs and symptoms and as a result, the management would depend on the degree of the trauma and the extent of the injury. Nurses, while planning a care of such patients must be apprised of the advancements in management, and a clinical update based on review of the researches is therefore necessary. In this article, the findings have been presented in a concise manner.The problem of stage injury is en ormous. In the United States, it accounts for fatalities, disabilities, and morbidities of great numbers each year. Moreover, many multitruama victims also have associated head injuries. This occurs predominantly among young adult males aged 15 to 35 and quite frequently is associated with motor vehicle accident and alcohol use. In these patients, especially when it is associated with multiple traumas, the presence of head injury can be caused by trauma, direct or indirect. From the care point of view, this represents both surgical and medical challenges. Essential to the survival is a rapid and systematic approach to management that incorporates simultaneous assessment and resuscitation. Coup/contrecoup injury is the result of contusive brain injuries that occur with blunt trauma, in which the skull is not penetrated. It is to be remembered that anatomically brain literally floats in the cerebrospinal fluid, and therefore, any mechanical impact, either from falls, automobile accide nts, assaults and violence, physical abuse, or recreation-related accidents, can cause the brain to move within the skull, resulting in focal, diffuse, or generalized injury. In fact any time, the head is subjected to violent force or motion, the soft and floating brain is slammed against the skulls uneven interior. In a coup/contrecoup injury, a moving object strikes the head, denting the skull inward and also knocking the brain against the opposite side of the skull. Thus, this can result into bruising in two places within the brain, at the site of the original point of contact and on the opposite side, where the brain struck the skull. These are included in the category of mild traumatic brain injury, where the neural damage may occur without involvement of the skull or the membranes, since there is considerable shear that can involve the neurons on the opposite side. This is a get to of direct contact force mild traumatic brain injury resulting into observable tissue damage in a particular area of the brain. The spare bruising on the opposite side may account for other associated symptoms such as personality changes, perceptual or sensory problems, difficulty expressing, and proportionateness or motor difficulties.IncidenceEpidemiologic data regarding coup/contrecoup injury is difficult to obtain due to inconsistencies in definition and classification. Moreover, many patients with

Impacts of tourism in Thailand Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3750 words

Impacts of tourism in Thailand - Essay ExampleMost of Southeast Asian countries have been promoting tourism as a major component of their development strategies for a few decades. The efforts are supported by beliefs that tourism generates considerable sources of appointment for locals economic growth income distribution foreign exchange earnings and export receipts. Just like Thai trademark rice export, tourism has become a key contributor to the Thai economy. Importance of tourism for Thai economy can be accessed with the help of data provided by national accounts data and Thailands Tourism Satellite Accounts (TSA) (Wattanakuljarus, 2005, p.3). Wattanakuljarus (2005) states that, On average during 1998-2005, Thai tourism directly and indirectly accounts for 13 % of GDP (665 billion baht), 10 % of employment (3 million jobs), 13 % of exports (417 billion baht), 12 % investment (117 billion baht) and 3%of government budget (13 billion baht) (p.3).Such huge incorporation of tourism r elated activities certainly has impact on Thai society in general and some areas in particular. This melodic theme studies the impact of tourism on Thai economy, environment, agriculture, society, culture, and tradition. The information used throughout the paper is generalisable. All of the information used is taken from authentic sources, such as, journals, academic reports, and books. Most of the data is obtained from libraries, either local or digital. Impacts of Tourism in Thailand Thailand has grand pursued its goal of tourism related marketing strategy. The strategy is to boost economy, encourage low, medium, and high cost tourism in all the potential regions of the country. From fetch of Smiles promotion slogan and other extensive promotional strategies, Thailand has become the more popular and south-after tourist destination from all over the world (Pfotenhauer and Mingsarn, 1994, p.23).Tourist visit Thailand for sorting of reasons, the reasons may not be mutually exclus ive because they often combine them when planning for the visit. Some of the most common types of tourism in Thailand include risky venture tourism, cultural tourism, disaster tourism, drug tourism, Eco-tourism, family tourism, food tourism, sex tourism, medical tourism, and sports tourism. Adventure Tourism Traditionally, adventure tourists explore Thailand in search of adventure by acclivity mountains trekking for longer time periods kayaking and visiting off-beat places far from conventional areas to visit. A comparatively mild form of adventure tourism is soft adventure tourism that caters heap who want to combine some rough experiences but lesser than regular adventure tourists. They prefer to combine visits to important cities and beautiful beaches. Bird watching is in like manner a conformation of adventure tourism (Berger, 2007, p.11). Cultural Tourism Cultural tourists are keen to investigate and get information about the cultures, importance, and history of the places they visit. They usually focus on famous cathedrals historical museum symphony halls opera houses and similar attractions (Berger, 2007, p.11). Disaster Tourism Some tourists prefer visiting the places of disaster of a kind or another. They observe places for knowing what happened how it affected people and environment there and how people there are coping with the disaster. They participate in history by experiencing such places through visit. For instance, after December 2004 tsunami, some tourists packed bags for visiting affected places (Berger, 2007, pp.11-12). Drug Tourism The tourists visit places where they can access drugs easily and without any restriction. They visit Thailand because they can

Comprehensive Education Under Re-evaluation Essay

Comprehensive Education Under Re-evaluation - Essay ExampleThis report declares that schools can no longer be afraid of bother Johnnys feelings by suggesting he may be better at pursing advanced education in skilled trades rather than insisting that he learn along side of someone who is more(prenominal) suited for a professional career path. Each of these students would be better served if he or she were environ by like minded students rather than forced together with students of dissimilar talents and desires. In addition, in the post modern era, segmentation of skills and population within the give-up the ghost environment is understood as strength rather than an obstacle. The differences within the abilities and desires of individuals are strengths upon which businesses are learning to build. Therefore the comprehensive model, which seeks to move all individuals toward a viscous social organization, may be less desirable in the current age. For this reason, the policy of segm entation, and launching specialist schools is one receiving more attention, and being given more consideration. This paper makes a conclusion that in the CASE seminar discussed previously, one of the visiting professors, in an attempt to support comprehensive education, cited that The German approach of providing different streams for vocational and academic education is part of the reason for that countrys economic success. The time has come when educators supporting the comprehensive model honestly address the widening gap in the midst of the goals and the results produced by comprehensive educational models.

Studies And Investigations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Studies And Investigations - Essay ExampleAt the same time, the Industrial Revolution and the consolidation of people into cities over history replaced the pastoral, wild mutism with rural bustle with industrial cacophony. The reaction to both of these tendencies in the twentieth century was electronic unison. Though electronic music eventually combined with discotheque to form modern dance techno, as well as with rock-like tendencies for industrial music, electronic music began with a focus on minimalism and silence, an attempt to leverage machines for something besides noise, an attempt to find an impossible mote of quiet. Emmerson operationally defines electronic music as music heard through loudspeakers or sound make with the help of electronic means (2007). John confines music philosophy was integral to the formation and development of electronic music, presaging it. The theories of avant-garde American composer John Cage (1912-1992) on music, sound, and silence are of more interest than his musical compositions. To Cage, there is no such thing as silence. Music is a succession of sounds and the composer the organizer of sounds. Historically, music has been a communication of feelings, but Cage argues that all sounds have this potential for conveying feeling in the mechanical and electronic sense... Any sounds in any conclave and in any succession are henceforth free to be used in a musical continuity... Silence was perhaps the pivotal position of Cages theories. If silence could be shown not to exist, then feelings, too, could be pushed into the category of nonexistence (Hermitary, 2010). Cage tried to experiment with new sounds that could emulate silence or execute the traditional confines of music and sound, letting the ear get a respite from noise. His work in randomness, while perhaps difficult to listen to, presaged mathematical process art and electronic music (Hermitary, 2010). Cage understood sound the same way electronic musicians do Univ ersal to nature and man. It is not just the plucking of a violin that is music, but a catchy phrase that can be sampled and mixed, the whirring of an engine or the brushing of an industrial lave. To Cage, dis accord is a harmony that is not understood (Hermitary, 2010). Cages work was inspired by the I Ching, by Taoism. In the 1950s, Cage hit upon a method of composition that would be the transcript of the frequency, amplitude, timbre, duration, etc. that constitute the mechanisms of tradition composition. The avant-garde method was randomness. Cage discovered the I Ching. By tossing the coins he came to hexagrams that offered ideas, and from the ideas he developed parameters for chance-controlled music (Hermitary, 2010). Ultimately, the biggest contribution of Cage was the understanding of silence not as a mere pause, a break from sound, but a musical creation itself. The nature of silence is a key concept of both Eastern and Western thought. Cage understood from his popular readi ngs that they could converge. He applied the concept of silence to music and tried to dislodge silence from feelings or context, from an social and historical context. But Cages compositions, while making statements opposed to historical aesthetics, did not discover therein a psychology or philosophy of silence, less an aesthetics. Silence became a utilitarian tool for compositional use, not unlike those historical composers he criticized. Though he argued for the equal spatial relation of all sounds, sounds, music, had no meaning, though they did not need

Assumptions and Contribution of the Strategic Choice Theory Essay

Assumptions and Contribution of the Strategic Choice Theory - Essay ExampleThe researcher states that the use of the strategic choice abbreviation also contributes to helping the organization and its management in optimally utilizing the existing resource sensual to gain needed a competitive advantage. The organization would and then become ready to potentially adapt to the external changes in the technological, social and politico-economic environment. Further, the aspect of strategic choice also highlighted the need for generating an effective interrelationship amid the organization and the managerial framework. It aims to effectively integrate the organizations and its individuals in that the same contributes to a generation of the right strategic choice to exploit the existing resource base in a generation of needed competitive potential. It thus endeavors to reduce the aspect of tension both relating to the internal and external organizational framework which in turn enhance s its efficiency to counter changes in the external environment. Strategic Choice Theory relates to the actions or roles played by organizational leaders in reservation concerned choices to enhance the competitive advantage of the business organization against external political, demographic, social, economic and technological changes. Further, the strategic choice theory is also observed to cede tension relating to agency and structural elements. The relation of an agency to structure and further to the external environment makes the theory of strategic choice more dynamic and applicable to different settings. This reflects that the strategic choice theory not only serves the competing postulate of the organization but also tend to depict an evolutionary approach ground on external needs and changes. Strategic Choice Theory also reflects on the manner in which the business organizations gradually adapt to the changing needs to help gain needed a competitive advantage. The conce pt of Strategic Choice relates to the process through which the authoritative bodies in an organization tend to hold back to help in taking of strategic actions.

Human resource Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 5000 words

Human resource - Essay ExampleOne such factor is the excellent performance and proceeds management of the partnership. The founders of the company abided by all the principles and produced products accordingly. The performance of the company and its progress within a short period of time has made it a nationalised company holding the majority portion of the market share. Current Performance and Reward Management practises at Innocent Performance management is an important cornerstone in the Human Resource practises of an organization (Smither and London, 2009). It is all about measuring the performances of the employees doing their jobs and designing and implementing systems in order to strengthen the performance standards which have been set. It starts with measuring the daily in operation(p) performances of the employees. An organization should have a clear understanding about the kind of job for which they are hiring the employees. Based on that the training should be provided and finally the performances of the employees should be measured. Performance management involves partnership agreement with the employees or the team of employees in order to increase their level of involvement in the organization (Cardy and Leonard, 2011). Moreover the early improvement in the performance of an organization needs the assessment of the past and the present performance. Every section of activities like providing feedback, coordinating with the employees to solve the problems related to their diminish performance, developing improved performance level etc play an important role in performance management. The method of evaluating the performance of a particular employee is known as the performance appraisal. It is a part of the career development and involves review of the performances of the employees

Short answers about Introduction to Political Economy Essay - 2

Short answers about Introduction to Political Economy - Essay ExampleAnother cause of monopolies occurs when one firm expands to the psyche where it has tremendous economies of scale other competitors drop out of the market because they cannot compete.Companies are likely to collude with each other if there are very a few(prenominal) firms in an industry. Because of this, a change in one firm is likely to result in a change in another firm so that market forces remain the same. On the other hand, companies are likely to compete with each other when there is free market economy that abides consumers to pick and use up from many different companies.Regulations can cause a huge shift in the market, particularly in the labor market. When the government stipulates that employees must certain fictional character of social security, employers have to respond to those changes. This can often mean that a duty downsizes because it cannot afford to employ the same number of workers. Regul ations primarily stifle business because of all the extra red tape that comes along with it.Capture theory stipulates that a government agency may allow the industry that it is charge of to grade policy that favors the industry as a whole. On the other hand, public-interest theory deals with the interest of consumers. For example, when the market is not efficient as it could be, a regulatory torso can act to make changes in regulations.The abolition of private property and the application of all rent to public purpose is designed for zoning laws that allow the government to own property. Progressive income tax makes all Americans pay their fair share. The abolition of all rights of inheritance offers limited inheritance through tax statues. confiscation of property of rebels allows the government to seize property belonging to terrorist groups. Centralizing the credit system gives the verbalise control over loans. Centralizing communication and transport allows the state to set r egulations. Corporate capacity allows land to be improved. Equal labor

Rating takes priority over 'quality' when it comes to television Essay

Rating takes priority over look when it comes to television programming furnish. Discuss - adjudicate Examples, due to the introduction of innovative modalities such Cable Television, Satellite and Broadband Television and due to the multitude of channels available, the television industry intercontinental has become extremely competitive1.Broadcasters and channels, in order to maintain their position in the industry, a great deal face a dilemma as to whether to adopt an audience-oriented approach, thereby maintaining quality of programmes produced, or a market-oriented approach, focusing on ratings and the business generated and compromise on aspects of the final product2. In order to attract more viewers there is often a trade-off between quality and ratings thus jeopardizing program quality. This paper discusses the various measures of assessment of television programs including their quality and ratings, and elucidates whether ratings are prioritized over quality in the curr ent competitive era of television programming.Television viewing can be best described and explained as being pervasive in reputation and television programmes have a meaningful impact on the lives of the viewers as they help the audiences in formulating their views, opinions and notions regarding various matters. According to Strivers (1994)3, mass media plays a significant role in shaping the public opinion and perceptions, in both a negative and a positive manner. This has important implications for the media, including the television industry as the media has to play a very responsible role in relaying constructive notions of the society only.In addition to that, one of the integral purposes of television programming is the provision of entertainment. Entertainment can be defined in several different ways. Gripsrud (2002) states that the purpose of provision of entertainment is to capture the audiences attention and make them so engaged in/by something, that we mentally leave our immediate surroundings to some extent (pg 276)4. The aforementioned discussion serves to underscore the importance

Why Corporate Income Tax Should Be Abolished Essay

Why Corporate Income Tax Should Be Abolished - Essay ExampleThis would make the conditions of doing business in the country more friendly. As a result, abroad investors would flock the country in pursuit of the American dream. The main aim of the corporate income tax is to make sure that corporations too have a subroutine to play in nation building by paying tax. The government provides the corporations with a good environment to do business and in cast to stick out this the government uses a substantial amount of funds. Therefore, the corporations should pay tax to ensure that the government is able to provide them with such services that enable them to be profitable.As much as the corporate income tax stands at 35%, some corporations have found ways to bring this number down to around 12%. This is has been made possible through the introduction of tax refunds. Wealthy individuals will also find ways to incorporate their wealth to their corporations wealth. This would mean that the government would retrogress more revenue. The author states that at some point in history when the personal income tax become high, wealthy individuals incorporated their wealth to that of their corporations in order to pay the much lower corporate income tax. If the corporate tax was to be scrapped off, it should be done in well calculated move. The benefits and the costs should be considered both(prenominal) in the long run and the short run. All the loopholes should then be closed to ensure people dont take advantage of this as a way to avoid paying taxes. Such a move would spell danger to the American economy.

Should violent video games be banned or regulated Essay

Should violent characterization games be show up(p) or regulated - Essay ExampleThis paper tends to discuss that violent video games should be banned since they create a negative impact upon the minds of the players, especially when they are at the tender age of adolescence (thesis). Nearly every teenager knows the names of some of the around violent video games like Mortal Combat, Resident Evil, Marvel vs. Capcom, Doom, Manhunt, Dead Rising, Gears of War, Grand Theft Auto, and the list continues. All of these games require the player to kill, shoot, slash, and stab their foe using bombs, swords, and chainsaw. They have to kill the police officers to get to the target, hit the pedestrians, split the opponent using chainsaws, and what not. Preteens and teens want to play these games more than than non-violent ones, and then, they apply it in their reliable lives because they are not capable of differentiating the gaming world from the real world. Last decade has extractn an in crease in forcefulness rate among children in the United States, and studies show that children are increasingly being treated for anger management thanks to the growing use of video games. Children tend to have less-developed ability of decision-making or deprecative thinking, and so, they cannot realize what is wrong with what they are viewing. Thus, their minds learn or absorb every act they see. The reason is that violent video games succeed in getting the individual involved in the character he is playing, so much so that he starts playing that character in the real life. For example, females are normally depicted as weaker and powerless characters in video games. When children watch this, they apply it real life because they would have learnt to disrespect women. This is only an example. There are thousands of different facets of violence and aggression that the players learn from violent video games. The tragedy is that the effect doubles in strength when the player is at the tender age of adolescence. Previous generations utilize to play doctors, police, thieves, chefs, and the oomph generated by the flight of the imagination would get used up in playing the game physically. But with video games, that energy comes out in the form of frustration, aggression, and violence. Smith, Lachlan and Tamborini suggest that mature games are more violent that those rated for general audience, and feature child perpetrators with frequent gun violence. When a child watches much(prenominal) violent acts and plays the character using his hands and mind, the energy generated by the flight of the imagination keeps the physical responses from getting expressed. So, when this energy gets its chance, it gets expressed in the real life. This is why children who watch violent video games are violent in their nature too. For example, parents do not know why their child, who plays Resident Evil on his PlayStation 3, is fitting violent day by day beats his younger sibling s remains isolated most of the time and, has complaints coming from his school that he bullies his class fellows. A check on his routine activities will show that the credit goes to video games if he plays some. All of these negative impacts make one claim that violent video games should be banned. Researchers like Bartholow and Anderson have found that teenagers who play violent video games have higher heart rate, get emotionally aroused easily, and are more aggressive verbally and physically than those who play non-violent games. Thus, the nature of video games played has an adverse

Global Business Context Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Global Business Context - Essay ExampleThis essay declare that principal macroeconomic variables and government polity instruments change in response to external factors over the course of a business. For example to curve the influx of imported items that will cut a braggart(a) portion of the local industries customer base, the government keep increase taxes of imports of certain types of imports. To combat ostentation, the government can order the banks to release plenty of money into the economy. In order to make the factory workers happy, the state pass a law ordering all companies to increase the basic salary. This paper stresses that the Gross Domestic Product, the inflation rate and the unemployment rate are the three major, widely cited and watched macroeconomic variables of economic activity. And, take in domestic products will take into account all the production at bottom a country, independent of who, domestic or foreign, owns the production site. What is important i s that the production takes personate inside the territorial boundaries of the U.S. Most wages increase when business salary and prices of basic necessities like food, clothing and shelter increase. Shifts in labor market that can create unemployment or the reverse which is increased employment in some sectors of industry. The shifts in public policies affecting labor take up (such as minimum wage, worker safety, and thus far foreign trade legislation) can create shifts in the unemployment rate. ... And, gross domestic products will take into account all the production inside a country, independent of who, domestic or foreign, owns the production site. What is important is that the production takes place inside the territorial boundaries of the U.S.Also, most wages increase when business profits and prices of basic necessities like food, clothing and shelter increase. Shifts in labor market that can create unemployment or the reverse which is increased employment in some sector s of industry. Also, a few of these shifts are attri moreoverable changes in GDP are caused by changes in aggregate claim or aggregate supply, or both. Additionally, the shifts in public policies affecting labor demand (such as minimum wage, worker safety, and even foreign trade legislation) can create shifts in the unemployment rate.Further, increases in foreign currency exchange rates favor the exporter in times of increase but favor the buyer when prices of goods and commodities decrease. The unemployment rate decreases when there is an increase in company profits. Unemployment rate had decreased to its lowest term from 17.2 percent in 1986. This according to the Federal Ireland Yearbook, 2005.Furthermore, inflation increases every year forcing business to increase the priceof its products. Inflation in an economy can be the result of an increase in aggregate demand that is not accompanied by an increase in aggregate supply. Clearly, this is known as demand-pull inflation. Furt her, a rise in any component of aggregate demand can produce demand-pull inflation. One reason for a sudden, unanticipated rise in aggregate demand can be an the unexpected rise in the supply of money. For

International Marketing Case Study Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

International Marketing Case Study - Coursework ExampleThe secernateeting strategy while strengthening the global brand should view a customized appeal for the nodes of the markets of the developed economies. Customers of developed markets are usually more quality conscious rather than price conscious unlike their counterparts in ontogenesis economies.Chinese brands necessity to invest more on Research & Development if they want to market themselves successfully in developed economies. Capabilities in research and education can be acquired by building research & development centers in the developed markets. Li Ning has built such Research & Development Centers in Hong Kong and join States.There are also differences in consumer tastes and preferences. Incorporating these differences in the products is critical for the success of internalization of any Chinese brand. Another dynamic capability that is extremely principal(prenominal) is to have the right distribution network so t hat the target segment in the developed economies can be easily accessed to.Besides the product issues on that point are also issues related to customer service. Every product has a service component attached to it. In comparison to China the level of customer service is quite high in the developed economies of the West. Therefore, when foraying into markets of the developed world, Chinese companies need to make their customer service more customer oriented and friendly. refinement but not the least the differences in culture and business are significant between China and the more developed West (Philip Kotler, 2008). The Chinese companies need to incorporate such cultural aspects of the West like transparency, individuality and a strong sense of commitment towards the customers as stakeholders, if they want to make a mark in the developed economies.For building a sports brand like Li Ning or Nike, there can be no better brand ambassador that a national sports icon. Li Ning has don e so by using the name of its founder Li Ning, a former Olympic gold medalist in

Modern Germany in the span 1648 to the present day Term Paper

Modern Germany in the span 1648 to the present day - Term Paper ExampleGermany in dealing with its enemies to win a war makes them be the hammers as opposed to the Anvil. For example when France declares war in 1870, the Germans reluctantly places their army under the command of the Prussian King, this act is purely seen as a German cause (Heath pg. 78). After the victory of the war in sedan, Germany achieves unification and in November, the same year a deal is struck resulting into a single render under the Prussian leadership. In the arrangement, William I is extremely reluctant to accept the title of emperor of which Bismarck later convinces him and he proclaims the Hall of Mirrors at Versailles and his s the symbol of French power and Triumphalism. The occurrences of this period are just a form of strategy as later an added twist of the knife comes in when victory is imposed by Bismarck of the Prussian troops through the streets and Germany becomes the hammer once more (Taylor pg. 76-9). The ancient German Reich gets reconstituted into a modern, compact, national form in which the Reichstag comes back as a form of parliament. A meeting is held in Berlin of all the delegates elected all over the new nation. The Reichstag at this stage is n ever sotheless a legislative body that command very little control over the executive arm of the government. this makes Bismarck be the executive himself more than ever before and by an extent qualifies him as the first imperial chancellor. He commands the whole of the German empire that consists of 4 kingdoms, 5 grand duchies, 13 duchies, principalities and new(prenominal) free cities. This period marks the unification of Germany into a nation of federal in nature and with a strong central control making the write up of Prussia be that of Germany (Heath pg. 128). Concisely, this is he period in German History where the country experiences a rise in nationalism in the face of Napoleons Conquest. Thereafter, Germany be came joined under the auspice of Prussia where Australia is left out. The country prospers further through the growth in agricultural sector and an end to serfdom such developments are followed by a growth of industry and railroads (Taylor pg. 224). The next face in the history of Germany is the duration between 1890 and 1945, which begins by the signing of the Heligoland-Zanzibar Treaty, which made Germany gain control of a strategic Island near its main seaports and gained agreement on its colonial holdings in Africa (Solsten pg. 59). This saw Germany turn its colony, Zanzibar to Britain. It is within the same period that the Rudolf Diesel engine is invented as well as the Kruger telegram sent. For the better part of he century after Bismarcks fall, a political paralysis is realized in Germany as a result of the political system that he left in place. This is largely attributed to the lack of reforms that existed between the democratic Reichstag, the parliament of the new united G ermany, which came in place through an election by universal suffrage, in the mix, is also the parliaments of the individual states (Heath pg. 223). Bernhard Von Bulow, the new Reich Chancellor announces the second proposal for a German fleet in which he expresses his belief on an expansionist German foreign policy. This is because he believed that political expansion was necessary for the sole reason of protect Germany from other powers. He metaphorically uses, the hammer and anvil, phrase as he speaks to his fellow citizens (Taylor pg. 72).

CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

CRIMINOLOGICAL THEORIES - Essay ExampleThe KU students deviant may also be a intersection point of the social disorganization theory that explains that ones environment may lure them into making wrong choices such as their university having no follow up on such students (Siegel 188).Williams article focuses on adultery of tiger Woods (1). The article gives scientific evidence to explain the working of the male brain so as to understand Tiger Woods behavior. Tiger Woods behavior can be understood on the grounds of biological, genetical and evolution theory that explains criminal conduct as a product of mental issues, bad brain chemistry as causative agents of crime (Siegel 147). Tiger Woods adultery may also be defined through the chromosome theory that emphasizes on Tiger Woods having the Supermale gene (XYY) that leads to his adulterous behavior (Burke 35). The extra Y gene has been said to be found in violent males, especially criminals. Tiger Woods possessed the same

Key learning point Essay Example for Free

Key learning point Essay force play refers to the extent to which one can satisfy their target goals, needs or desires. Power can be used either to dominate or control the other, or can be used to work together with the other companionship involved. Whichever way power is used it gives one an edge over the other party in negotiations. Information provides an important source and a means of acquiring power. Reason for SelectionInformational power comes from a persons ability to assemble data to support his positions, arguments, or desired outcomes. This resource provides an important pecker in challenging the other partys position, or undermine their arguments or propositions during negotiations. Application to a business or personal situation A year ago, I was talking to a doctor who was new at one of the centers I am marketing my pharmaceutical harvest-feasts.The doctor openly rubbished my product saying he had absolutely no scope for it in his medical practice basing his a rgument on the position of a respected doctor in the subject of medicine in which my product is applied. What this doctor did not know is that from my market survey on my product and competitor brands momentum in the market, the doctor he claimed was the top prescriber of my product in that town . I provided the evidence and within a month I received a call from my bus that the doctor had placed an LPO for my product.Action or steps taken to improve I read widely and extensively on new trends in my area of work undertake market survey on different issues seek the opinion of experts attend seminars and conferences on various topics and in general try to nurture an open mind, maintain my curiosity about life and watch informative programs.References Squidoo (2010). A goldmine of journal Writing Prompts. Retrieved on 30th July, 2010, from http//www. squidoo. com/journalwritingprompts

The Late 19th Century and the Drive for Empire Essay Example for Free

The Late 19th Century and the Drive for Empire Essay1. Effects of industrialization onthe deliveryThe industrial revolution played a role in the emergence of the basic economic patterns that have characterized much of modern European economic life. some(a) historians characterize the period before 1895 and after 1873 as a great depression. Europeans experienced a series of economic c overtures during these years (Prices of agriculture produces fell). Slumps decrease win in the business cycle. Although recession occurred at different durations from 1895 to world war 2, Europe experienced an economic boom and got a prosperity take that encouraged people to look back at the era as la belle poque (the golden age in civilization ) specific countries/zones Germany replaced Great Britain as the industrial leader of Europe. Germany gained superiority in new areas of manufacturing (organic chemicals, electronic equipment). Britain had an established industrial plant and do it more difficult to shift to the new techniques of Industrial Revolution. The relationship between science and technology became closer. Germany was accustomed to change. European economic zones Europe was divided into two economic zones. The growth led to new patterns for European agriculture that emerged. It include an abundance of grain and impose transportation costs caused the prices of farm commodities plummeting . Southern Italy, Austria-hungary ,Spain=little industrialized the urbanenvironment Urban dwellers capture up an increasing percentage of the European Population. in that respect were 40% in Britain, 25% in France and Germany, 10% in Eastern Europe. Then after the industrial revolution, the population increase to 80% in Britain, 45% in F, 6% in germany, and 30% in Weastern Europe. There were also many inventions and innovations that occurred in this time period -electrical energy- 1910. Hydro electric power stratons-coal fired steam plants. The electric railway was in 1879. Desire to own sewing machines, clocks,type writers, etc.New consumer ethic. softwood marketing encourtages people to purchase new consumer goods. Introduction of chemical fertilizers. Workers were of people who abanthroughd farms because of hardships. Wanted cheaper labor. Ideologu of domesticity Women should remain at home to bear and nuture children. This is said to pass off the well being of familyand forced women to do marginal work at home. The urban and industrial lead was passed from Britain to Germany. demographics/population patternsDramatic population increases after 1870. Prices of forage and manufactured goods declined. There were also lower transportation costs. The period of the depression was from 1873-1895. This period was composed of a series of European economic crises. There was an abundance of grain Tarrif barries machines for harvesting In 1850-1910, THe population grew to 460 million. There was a rising birthrate and also a decline in deathrate Emigrat ion otiose rural labor migrates to industrial regions. Emigration is about 500 thousand a year. There was improved nutrition because food was transported to poor harvest regions.2. mixer Changes Due to IndustrializationWork/SchoolPlay/ wasteMass SocietyUpper course of actionThis elite was composed of people with the jobs of aristocrats, bankers, merchants, and industrialists. There were elites schools dominate by the children of the aristocracy. The educated elite got leadership roles in government and military. There were pleasures of country animate and the aristocrats bought lavish town houses for part-time urban life. Common bonds were made when the sons of wealth families met during school or other meetings. The aristocrats and the plutocrats fused together to one class. The mass education was a product of mass society. To be educated, one had to realise a secondary school or university. European states showed little interest in primary education. Only in the German state s was there astate-run ashes for it. Europeans made a commitment to mass education becase they believed education was imprtant to social improvement and thought to supplant catholic education with moral training on secular values.Mass Leisure The new industrial system where evening hours after work, weekends, and later a week or two in the summer. Leisure was the opposite of work What people did in their free time or for fun Mass tourism Creation of the first market for tourism. Its wages increased and workers were given paid vacations. One result of mass education was an increase in literacy. With the dramatic increase in literacy, there was also a rise of mass-circulation news newspaper publishers. Mass politics became a reality in western European states. Reforms encouraged the expansion of political democracy through voting rights for men.Middle ClassThis class was a level that included jobs such as professionals in law, medicine, and the civil service as well as moderately wel l-to-do industrialists and merchants. aft(prenominal) the industrial expansion, new groups of jobs were added such as managers, new professionals, engineers, architects, accountants, and chemists. The lower middle class jobs consisted of shopkeepers, traders, manufacturers, and prosperous peasants provided The moderately prosperous and successful middle class divided similar lifestyles and values than the others that dominated 19th century society. The middle class members were active in preaching their world view to children and other society classes. They believed in working hard and christian morality. They had a right way of doing things and propriety. This also gave rise to more books.Lower ClassThe majority of the lwoerclass were landholding peasants, agricultural laborers, or sharecroppers. There were some prosperous landowning peasants that shared the same values as low middle class. The lower class consisted of the urban working class Artisans, printing, jewlry making, an d semiskilled laborers who included Carpenters, bricklayers, and MANY factory workers The lower class of urban workers experienced a real betterment in the material conditions of their lives after 1871. Urban improvements meant better living conditions. There was also a rise in wages, then a decline inconsumer costs. This made it possible for workers to buy more than just the compulsion food and housing. Workers were now permitted to buy more clothes and leisure that strikes and labor agitation were winning shorter workdays and Days off.Womens RolesThe second industrial revolution brought and enourmous wedge on the position of women in the labor market. There was controversy of women for their right to work. The desperate need for money forced women to do marginal work. This work was done at home because it required little skill. A women was expected to nurture and care for children while ensuring the moral/physical well being of the family. Many lower class women were forced to b e prostitutes. There were as many as 60k prostitutes in London. Many new job opportunities for women.3. New Inventionsinventionits effects and applicationsChemicalsElectricityThe internal Combustion EngineTarrifs and Cartels A change in the method of making soda enabled France and Germany to take the lead in producing the alkalies used in the textile, soap, and paper industries. Laboratories overtook British in the development of new chemical compounds Electricity was a major new form of energy that provided great value since it was easily born-again into other energy forms such as heat, light, and motion. The first generators were developed in 1881 The development of the combustion engine was made in 1878. This ran on gas and air. It was unfit for widespread use as a source of power until the development of liquid fuels- petroleum and its distilled derivatives.An oilfired engine was made in 1897. The hamburg Amerika specify had switched from coal to oil on its new ocean liners . There was increased competition for free trade. defensive tariffs guaranteed domestic markets for the products of their own industries. AFter a decade, Europeans returned to protective tarif protections. Cartels were being formed to decrease competition internally/ A cartel is where enterprises worked together to control prices and fix production quotas, restraining the kind of competition that led to reduced prices.

Effects of Alcohol Abuse Essay Example for Free

Effects of Alcohol Abuse EssayAlcoholism style addiction of alcohol it could explain as a person who could non stop to drink and craving for it. In fact, alcohol abuse can damage a persons health and life. Alcohol would affect a persons mind and body that cross tos the person did wrong thing. Besides, when a person drunk, he or she expertness non know what they had done. Which mean, when they are drunk, they could not judge what are right and wrong. Consequences, there are many cases happened be fetch of alcohol abuse since alcohol would cushion a persons mind and cause them loss of control and do wrong things. Signs and symptoms of alcohol abuse Slurred or incoherent speech.Poor balance and clumsiness Delayed reflexes Stomach pain, puke and malady Blacking-out Redness of the face during or after periods of custom Slurred or incoherent speech When a person is drunk, he or she skilliness not be able to speak fluently. In the other words, the person who is drunk powe rfulness not know what they are talking about because the impact of alcohol. Thus, those people who are drunk are usu completelyy slurred or incoherent speech. Poor balance and clumsiness The person who is drunk will get injured easily. It is because alcohol would affect our brain and cause us become clumsiness that we could not balance our body.Furthermore, when we could not control our mind and balance our body, we might fall down or bang the wall easily. As a result, the effect of alcohol abuse will cause us become paltry balance and clumsiness. Delayed reflexes Alcohol will make people blur and delayed reflexes action since it impairs our brain driver. Therefore, those people who are drunk might not be able to give respond immediately since the alcohol effects. Hence, alcohol abuse could cause a person delayed reflexes action. Stomach pain, vomiting and nausea The other obvious signs of alcohol abuse are stomach pain, vomiting and nausea.Stomach pain might a sign of stomach can cer which cause by alcohol abuse. When this sign occur, it means the cancer already progressed. It is impossible to get cancer easily, only if the person is an alcoholism victim. Alcohol abuse might cause gastritis which is an inflammation of the stomach lining. In a long run, it will become stomach cancer if the person who ignores the sign. Moreover, drinking too much might in any case lead to serious effect like vomiting ancestry. As a result, alcohol is harmful to our health. Blacking-out Black-out happened when an alcoholism victim consumed a large gist of alcohol in a long period.Black out is a serious disease in biological that we categories as brain damage. There are 2 types of blackouts. First of all, inability to recall any memories from the period of intoxication is called en bloc blackout. Which mean, the person who could not remember at all what he or she had done when they drunk. In addition, the second type of blackout is called fragmentary blackout which has abilit y to recall certain part of intoxication period. It means the person who just can remember certain part of his or her memories when they took a large amount of alcohol.Redness of the face during or after periods of consumption Why people who drunk their face will red? It is because alcohol will enlarge the blood vessels whenever we drink. In addition, alcohol will enlarge the blood vessels until they lose their quality or tone then caused those people who drunk will get a redness face. Furthermore, water in our body and fur will evaporate after a long period of alcohol abuse that cause skin wrinkles. Besides that, alcohol abuse will also reduce the level of vitamin A in our body which is an important vitamin can support skin health.

Residual welfare model in Hong Kong

Residual public assistance manikin in Hong KongResidual military position of social welf beSocial welf be is a signifi green goddesst issue in a society. The social issues let us know which welfare should try and to what extent the welfare do-nothing be provided. In fact, the ways to provide social welfare may vary between different societies. The social welfare system in Hong Kong is adopting the balance wheel welfare model.Hong Kong has followed the big market, small organisation ideology for many years. It is based on the idea of the relief welfare model that t present is no need for the government to engage in the distribution procedure of social welfare. This is because passel send packing resolve the problems themselves. The needy whoremonger settle support through the market mechanism, family or the nonprofit organizations. The government leave only provide support to population when the needy really cant solve the problems themselves. Therefore, according to th e big market, small government principle, the government holds the belief that peck cook the ability to repulse rid of the difficulties. The government is the get going and makeshift resort of the needy. The government can provide the immediate support to the needy. However, in the long term, the needy have to find ways to help themselves.Due to the residual welfare model, the policies in Hong Kong are not universal. The social assistances in Hong Kong usually have the kernel test because the government just will help raft who are under a very poor fiscal or living condition.I will use the teaching method and hold aspects in drift to show that the policies in Hong Kong demonstrate the ideology of residual welfare model. For education, the government provides funding in the form of loans and grants for students who live in the low income family. The students cleverness get full grants of their tuition fee but they should undergo the nub test graduation. Besides, in inve st to protect mints basic living need, the government sendes the public housing organisation. The government provides affordable housing for low-income residents. If wad unavoidableness to apply for the public house, they should pass the means test in the public housing organisation. From the policies of education and public housing, we can know that Hong Kong is under the residual welfare model because every policies are not universal and they will set whatever requirements for people to attain which this is match the beliefs of residual welfare model. Thus, the laissez-faire style and positive non- interventionism are regarded as two main features of Hong Kongs form _or_ system of government.Despite the education and housing policies, the loneliness auspices system excessively demonstrate the ideas of residual welfare model. The develop population problem is becoming more serious in Hong Kong. The aging population of aged 65 and above is getting increasing from 12% to 17% in 2002 to 2012 (Census and Statistics subdivision, 2013). Hong Kong is experiencing the aging problems over the past decade. In my pastime part, I will focus on the seclusion security department policy within the elderly welfare system.Three-pillar hideaway security department approachIn smart set to deal with the aging problems, the World Bank implements the multi-pillar-model. There will be common chord pillar approaches toward the loneliness trade security measures system when the World Bank first times to launch the scheme. The anchor I is a public retributive and delimit-benefit system. It is so called the ease up as you go approach. Besides, the Pillar II is a private, funded and defined contribution system. Also, the Pillar leash is a private, voluntary and supplementary defined contribution system (Roller, 2012). The two more pillars were added in the models later which are the postcode Pillar and Pillar IV. The Zero pillar begins to protect peoples ba sic need. It holds the belief that everything should undergo the process of means test. It is also related to the Pillar I because both of them are wishing to alleviate poverty. Both of them believe that all citizens should engage in the welfare process (Castells, 2010). Moreover, Pillar IV is talk just about many support from family which might not be related to the money (Chou, 2009).Even though the model of the World Bank has five pillars nowadays, Hong Kong is steady adopting a three-pillar approach toward the retirement protection policy.First, the Zero pillar exists in Hong Kong which aims to provide the basic need to the elderly. In Hong Kong, when the elderly meet the age requirement, they can receive the CSSA and Old Age Allowance (OAA). The CSSA and OAA can act as spare money for the elderly to fulfill their daily living. Second, Hong Kong has the Pillar II which the physical exercise is the MPF. If you get a job, there is no doubt that every employee has to engage in the MPF. Third, Hong Kong has the Pillar III which is related to the voluntary private savings(2011). In ramble to have a better living as a retired person, they might use their own savings to support their daily life.For the retirement protection policy, we can know that the government is obeying the rule of big market, small government . It means that the government and the separate institutions also have the responsibility toward the retirement protection policy. The means tests are the primary method for determining eligibility when applying the CSSA and Old Age Allowance. Selective immediate payment assistances are reserved for people defined within the context of the policy as in need. Means testing is used to identify people with limited resources. This selective process determines the eligibility for welfare benefits or services so it shows the ideas of residual welfare model.The government uses the three pillars approach in nightclub to provide the basic need to the e lderly. However, it is not problem free with the three pillars approach.Hong Kong Council of Social return finished a statistic about aging population last year. There are a third of people aged 65 and over are living under poverty (2011). They are regarded as very poor people among the world. Thus, people argue that if the CSSA and Old Age Allowance which the elderly trust on can really provide the basic necessities for them.Besides, people also argue that the MPF covers only working people. Housewives and others who are not employed are not covered by the MPF. There is little difficulty in understanding that people will feel doubt that how the retirement protection of the housewives is.Obviously, the existing retirement protection policy is trying to tackle the financial problems of the elderly. When the elderly really need help, the government can provide them with the basic need. The report from the Census and Statistics part shows that the aging population will be increasing quickly in the coming years. The elderly aged 65 and above will increase from the 1.0 trillion last year to 2.6 million in 2041. This statistic suggests that by 2041, around one in three persons will be elders (Census and Statistics Department, 2013).Thus, due to the limitations in the retirement protection policy I mentioned, there is no doubt that the government should make improvement toward the retirement protection policy. Experiences from TaiwanTaiwan is the same as Hong Kong that it also has the aging population and with the similar geographic background as Hong Kong. As the retirement protection policy in Taiwan is quite well developed, it can be Hong Kongs reference when improving the retirement protection policy.Taiwan follows the five-pillar approaches when dealing with the elderly policy. I will focus on talking about the National Pension Program in Taiwan because the other retirement protection policies in Taiwan are nearly the same as other countries. The National Pe nsion Program aims to provide the elderly with the basic needs in their daily living. For the elders who want to apply for the National Pension Program, they ought to undergo the process of means test and there is a residency requirement that they have to pass.In order to maintain the sustainability of the National Pension Program, the government should not pay the money to the elders in one time. They should pay the money step by step, such as monthly (Roller, 2012).Urge for a universal retirement protection schemeHong Kong and Taiwan have the similarities in the reform process. However, their pension reform is very different. Taiwan implements the National Pension Program successfully whereas Hong Kong just focuses on the CSSA and Old Age Allowance.With reference in Taiwan, some people suggest that Hong Kong ought to expand its retirement protection policy which is to introduce a retirement protection scheme which is for all citizens. This scheme is later explained by Professor Ne lson Chow Wing-sun. He proposed to set up a universal retirement protection scheme in Hong Kong. In the scheme, HK$3,000 monthly pension will be given to people aged 65 and above (-2013 . In order to maintain the constancy of the scheme, the employers and employees need to contribute and the government would be responsible for some of the fund. This new scheme eliminates means tests and other administrative procedures because age criteria are the only eligibility to purpose if you can get the pension or not.I think that the retirement protection scheme proposed by Professor Nelson Chow has the same meaning as the National Pension Program in Taiwan because both of them focus on the people who are not in the labor market. They all want to protect these people from being poor. For the existing three pillar approach, I feel doubt of their effectiveness in meeting the needs of the elderly. With the low order of return, the MPF cant support peoples daily living. Thus, if the elder just rely on the MPF system, it is not rational for them. Due to the shortcoming of the three pillar approach, I have a quest for a universal retirement protection scheme as what Professor Nelson Chow proposed. However, based on Professor Chows proposal on universal retirement protection scheme, I think there should add the means test into the scheme. The aim of the universal retirement protection scheme is to alleviate elderly poverty. Thus, the poor people serve first. We should target on those with a genuine need and some form of means testing is necessary. There is no doubt that the elderly deserve a decent and better retirement. If we have the means-tested in the universal retirement protection scheme, some people cant receive the public pension due to their income level. Thus, people might argue that it is not a retirement protection for all citizens so it is unfair. However, if there is no means test and everyone aged 65 or above can receive the pension, it might slander the eco nomic development of Hong Kong and increase burden on employers.Moreover, any retirement protection scheme without means test is regarding as welfarism. This might cause the financially infeasible for the government to shoulder the burden of a universal retirement protection scheme over time. Therefore, in order to make a uncorrupted use of the universal retirement protection scheme, I suggest that there should include a means test in Professor Nelson Chows proposal which is the same as the Taiwans National Pension Program.There is not a new thing when talking about the aging problem. Hong Kong and Taiwan have many similar characteristics toward the elderly policy. However, Taiwan developed its retirement protection policies at a faster pace. Thus, Hong Kong should learn from the Taiwans National Pension Program that to implement the means test in the universal retirement protection scheme.The advantage of the scheme is that it provides the protection to the non-employees. For the existing retirement policy, such as the MPF system, it excludes the protection of the housewives. Thu, a universal retirement protection scheme can complement this problem.Besides, for some people, they argue that the financial pressure will be mounted on working people under the universal retirement protection scheme because they have to bear the cost of the scheme. Thus, in order to make a good use of the fund, the universal retirement protection scheme should include the means test.Moreover, the means test can act as a resource distribution. This is because the needy elders can be found and they can get help from the government.Improvement of the three pillar approachMany people hold the belief that it is a huge concern for the population development that one in three people will be aged 65 years old and above in the coming years. This phenomenon threatens the economic growth because there will be more people but less that are working. Thus, fewer people will contribute to the ec onomy. If we have more elderly people in Hong Kong, it is a must to review the retirement protection policy. For our prospective planning of retirement protection system, Professor Nelson Chows universal retirement protection scheme can be one of the measures. We cant find a model answer to tell us how to set up a good retirement protection policy due to the revolution of different countries. Despite Professor Nelson Chows proposal, there is essential for the government to make changes on the three approach model toward the retirement protection policy.For the Zero pillar, CSSA and OAA act as a safety net for the needy elderly. However, there might have some problems toward the CSSA. When applying the CSSA, the elderlys family members, such as her son or daughter, have to sign the declaration that they wont provide financial support for the elderly. Thus, if the elderly is in bad relationship with her family members, here son or daughter might not able to sign the declaration for her. Thus, the elder cant get the CSSA.Also, the money in the CSSA might not be able to provide basic needs for elderly because of the inflation. Due to the inflation, we have to pay more money when buying things. In order to help the elderly during inflation, the government should adjust the money in CSSA more frequently.In addition, we should improve the MPF system in the Pillar II. The employees should feel free to consume their MPF program due to the different sets of requirements. There should be no barriers for employees when choosing the MPF program.Furthermore, the government ought to offer incentives to encourage voluntary savings in Pillar III. The pillar III is related to the voluntary contributions to the MPF system. In order to encourage personal savings, the government needs to provide the tax incentives for people.For the three pillars approach, the government needs to assess the financial sustainability regularly. As suggestion before, the existing three pillars pol icies should be reinforced and enhanced.Future planning of the retirement protection policyEveryone agree that the universal retirement protection scheme is not implemented in Hong Kong for the elderly at this moment. The government only focuses on the Zero pillar. The government set some rules for the elderly to meet. If they can pass the requirements set by the government, they can get assistance. When planning the future policy for retired people, the scheme proposed by Professor Chow could be the way out. We should address the concept of responsibility when planning the future retirement protection policy. Hong Kong is under the residual welfare model that people solve the problems through the family and market. The government is the last way to help people. Thus, for the retirement protection policy, it is related to the concept of who is responsible?. Some people think that the old age living protection should be the responsibility of individuals and their family and not be l aid on others nor should it be wholly financed by the government. Thus, the role played by the government in retirement protection policy can be different from various parties. In the perspective of limited financial resources, the government should only provide for the financially needy elderlies and not for all senior citizens.On the contrary, with the level of Hong Kongs economic development and the huge financial reserve, some people proposed that the government have the capacity and means to provide for basic livelihood protection for all senior citizens. The perception toward retirement protection policy will influence the role of the government.If people touch base the retirement protection policy with the income, it causes heavy burden on public finance and may have influence on the economy. On the other hand, people who universal retirement protection scheme points to a kind of benefit for all senior citizens, unrelated to their past work history or salary. They hoped for the cathode-ray oscilloscope up of some kind of universal livelihood protection grant.There is obvious that Hong Kong uses the three approaches toward the retirement protection policy. Many elderly received the cash assistances from the government. They still live under poverty. This might people argue that if the CSSA or other cash transfer programs are viable or not. Nowadays, people have a higher expectation on the welfare support. They have the quests for universal retirement protection scheme. The scheme supposed to provide better protection for retired people. However, how the scheme should be implemented is still under a negotiation process. There are many things we have to decide when implementing the scheme, such as to undergo the means test or not. The universal retirement protection in Taiwan implement in a very successful way. Even some people claim that Hong Kong is better developed than Taiwan, we still should learn from Taiwans experience and decide how to initiate a universal retirement protection scheme. We should launch the scheme according to the specific features of Hong Kong.In fact, some people claim that the political environment affect the implement of the retirement protection scheme. This is related to peoples conservativeness toward a policy. Thus, we should be aware of the political issues when designing the retirement protection policy. The retirement protection policy is a very complicated open which affects all HongKonger and has far-reaching impact on the fiscal sustainability in Hong Kong. In order to find a suitable way of the development toward retirement protection policy, people should clarify the concept which is related to responsibility.References -2011 4 4 -.--2013 Castells, M. (2010), The Shek Kip Mei SyndromeEconomicDevelopment and Public Housing Development in Hong Kong and Singapore, UK. Pion Ltd.Census and Statistics Department (2013), Hong Kong Special Administrative RegionChou, L.K. (2009). Retirement Income Pr otection in Hong Kong. Ageing in East Asia Challenges and Policies for the Twenty-first century (pp. 105-137). London Routledge.Roller, E. (2012). The welfare state the equality dimension. The scope of government, New York Oxford University Press.1