How to Tell a True War Story Essays - 599 Words

War can be defined as â€Å"an active struggle between competing entities. It’s truly hard to tell who is right or wrong during a war. Both sides are fighting for what they believe in and what is true to their heart. In the end there is always two things promised – destruction and death. These two objects can explain the result in every facet of war from the physical to emotional. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;In â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† O’Brien explores the relationship between the events during a war and the art of telling those events. O’Brien doesn’t come to a conclusion on what is a true war story. He writes that one can’t generalize the story as well. According to O’Brien, war can be anything from love and beauty to the most horrid†¦show more content†¦This is similar to what happened to Krebs in Hemingway’s â€Å"Soldier’s Home†. Krebs has returned home to find that it is not that everybody and the world around him has changed, but he was the one that had changed. He has fought in some of the worst wars there were and he didn’t want to come back home. Krebs dreaded coming back to the states, and would have preferred to stay overseas. Krebs was once used to a normal life. He went to a Christian school and was a part of a fraternity. His perception on life had changed dra stically after enlisting in the military and fighting in a war. When he returned home, the girls that he saw on the street were the same as when he was there years ago. His father still parks his car in the same spot day in and day out. His mother tries to encourage him to get a job, but he doesn’t care. He was so accustomed to the repetition of a soldier’s life. He couldn’t adjust to the typical lifestyle that other soldiers made. Somehow you can see the struggle he is going through. After the physical war, there was a war going on internally. Krebs had lost his emotion and will to care. The horror he experienced actually seeing first-hand life and death situations were incomprehensible to his parents. There was no way they would be able to identify with him. It doesn’t matter where anyone played a role in a war; the nature of the war itself leaves a tremendous impact on everyone’s life. Just retelling a storyShow MoreRelatedHow to Tell a True War Story952 Words   |  4 PagesHow to Tell a True War Story OBrien was drafted into the army during the Vietnam War. He is telling several stories in different points of views, of things that happened to him and his buddies while at war and on how you or someone else might believe or not believe a true war story. He tells about how his friend dies in three different views. How his friend dies and it looks beautiful, somewhat how is happened and then the true war story. He also tells little stories within the whole StoryRead MoreHow to Tell a True War Story1628 Words   |  7 PagesNyameer Puok Essay 2 Section 01B How to Tell a True War Story We have all heard the stories that our parents tell in order to prove a point. One example is the â€Å"I walked 10 miles over snowy hills to get to school† or one of my favorites, â€Å"If your friends jumped off a cliff, would you?† These stories or statements try to convey a truth. The only problem is that while a parent sees it one way, his or her child does not. Even if the parent had walked to school 10 miles over hills every day in snowRead MoreHow to Tell a True War Story2535 Words   |  11 PagesThe story by Tim O’Brien shows how the soldiers are themselves and can also be serious. O’Brien also sees how Vietnam changes the soldiers and how they see the world now. There will be people that will ask if it’s true or not true they can asks what happened. There can be different ways to tell a story but they can ask what happen. O’Brien would know which story he really believes. O’Brien will give use by looking at Rat’s po int of view, and Sanders point of view of Lemon death and how Rat copesRead MoreOBrien: How to Tell a True War Story2183 Words   |  9 PagesHow to Tell a True War Story Ââ€" The Irony of Truth in Tim OBriens How to Tell a True War Story This is true. (OBrien, 420) Ââ€" with this simple statement which also represents a first, three-word introductory paragraph to Tim OBriens short story, How to Tell a True War Story, the author reveals the main problem of what will follow. Truth Ââ€" when looked up in a dictionary, we would probably find definitions similar to sincerity and honesty on the one hand, and correctness, accuracy or realityRead MoreA True War Story in How to Tell a True War Story by Tim O’ Brien 765 Words   |  3 PagesHave you ever been hesitant to share a true story because you suspected that it would appear as a fabricated anecdote to your audience? Well, most of the time we add bunch of things or change a true story to make it sound genuine to our audience. We live in a judgmental and complex world where lying has become a part of our daily lives. Because of this habit, it is hard to differentiate the truth from a fabricated lie. Since I was a child, my parents always talked about battle of Adwa and many eventsRead MoreIntrospection in How to Tell a True War Story, and Into the Wild1494 Words   |  6 Pagesthe text, â€Å"How to Tell a True War Story† Tim O’Brien expresses his thoughts about the true war story and how the war story is changed according to the person who tells it. Jon Krakauer illustrates Chris McCandless’s journey into the Alaskan wilderness and reasons for McCandless’s gruesome death in an isolated place, in his book â€Å"Into the Wild.† O’Brien relates introspection and a soldier’s war story by saying that the war story portrays the feelings of a soldier. A soldier’s war story is not theRead MoreHow to Tell a True War Story by Tim Obrien1124 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding how people were feeling during that time. Also, to better understand what was happening during that time by reading the literature that was written during that time period. Through Tim O’Brien’s â€Å"Ho w to Tell a True War Story† to Ursula K. Le Guin’s â€Å"The Ones Who Walk Away from Omelas†, they reflect the cultural, economic, political, and intellectual upheavals the United States was experiencing. These stories affect your way of thinking about these times, especially the war. The VietnamRead MoreA Literary Analysis of How to Tell a True War Story1803 Words   |  8 PagesA Literary Analysis of How to Tell a True War Story The short story that will be discussed, evaluated, and analyzed in this paper is a very emotionally and morally challenging short story to read. Michael Meyer, author of the college text The Compact Bedford Introduction to Literature, states that the author of How to Tell a True War Story, Tim O’Brien, â€Å"was drafted into the Vietnam War and received a Purple Heart† (472). His experiences from the Vietnam War have stayed with him, and he writesRead MoreEssay on Tim O’Brien’s How to tell a True War Story618 Words   |  3 PagesTim O’Brien’s â€Å"How to tell a True War Story†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  According to the author Tim O’Brien, people tend to readily accept the ‘facts’ presented of what happened during a war. People do not consider the existence of fallacies regarding the actual stories of what happens in wars, few consider that the ‘facts’ of an incident often change through people’s words. The film ‘Saving the Private Ryan’ by Steven Spielberg features both facts and seemingness part of the war story. Since it is so difficultRead MoreHow To Tell A True War Story by Tim O ´brien1000 Words   |  4 PagesShort Story Explicative Critique â€Å"How To Tell A True War Story† In Tim O’Brian’s short excerpt, How to Tell A True War Story, the narrator recounts his hardening experiances in the Vietnam War (1956-1975). O’Brian details the story of Rat during the war, and his experiances losing his best friend. Through the use of literary divices such as imagry, paradoxical ideas, as well as themes that juxtapose each other, O’Brian is able to deliver an effective message in reguards to the complex

ISSA Case Study Essay - 5534 Words

CASE STUDY: CHAD EVERMORE AGE: 55 GENDER: Male RESTING HEART RATE: 80 bpm HEIGHT: 6’2† WEIGHT: 180 lbs BODY FAT PERCENTAGE: 20% Chad is an avid golfer. He wishes to improve his golf game and is very motivated to get started on a training program. Chad has exercised regularly for the past 8 years and is in good physical health. Most of his exercise has been aerobic in nature with only a small amount of resistance training. 1. Using the information above, calculate the clients BMI 23.16 2. Calculate the clients BMR. 1865.04 3. Calculate the clients target heart rate at 60% and 80% using the Karvonen formula. THR @ 60% = 131 THR @ 80% = 148 4. Discuss fitness tests or methods of evaluation that should be used to assess†¦show more content†¦Seated Hip Rotation Stretch, Spinal Twist Stretch, Butterfly Stretch FRIDAY Lat Pull Downs +5-10% lbs (10 x 3) Reverse Fly +5-10% lbs (10 x 3) Seated Row +5-10% lbs (10 x 3) Seated Dumbbell Overhead Extension (12-10-8 x 3) Overhead Dumbbell Extension +5-10% lbs (10 x 3) Reverse Superman (10 x 3) Woodchopper (10 x 3) Kettlebell Swing (25 x 3) 6. Discuss nutritional strategies and supplement recommendations with a rationale for your choices. As Evermore is coming already in good physical health it is likely his diet is already acceptable and may need only minor tweaks at most. The 1-2-3 approach to meals would be suitable for him, with 3 meals a day and 2 smaller snacks in between if he so chooses (this allows for variances in day-to-day schedules). For Evermores goals supplementation wont specifically be necessary if he remains on a proper nutrition plan. If he does have the budget and interest though I would recommend the following: Mens multivitamin - making sure hisShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Jean Mcguire s Closing The Deal Essay1475 Words   |  6 PagesEthics and morals are very important in today’s world, as these factors play a huge part in decisions made everyday. In the case study â€Å"Closing the Deal†, Jean McGuire is faced with an ethical dilemma, there are a number of ways this ethical dilemma can be resolved however not all options include ethical morals. Jean McGuire works for Sunrise Land Developers selling lots. Wright Boazman the sales director at the company states Jean â€Å"lacks technique† (Shaw, 2014, p. 236). Jean McGuire has a decisionRead MorePlanning Methods And Methods Of Planning1692 Words   |  7 Pages †¢ Step 6: Check the progress against the plan to make sure the original targets and time frames are being achieved - This last step of the management planning process is Monitor and take corrective action. Reasons for Planning There are in any case five significant reasons why managers in an organisation should plan because without a plan, a manager’s success in accomplishing organizational goals becomes limited. 1. Planning affects performance 2. Planning focuses attention on objectives 3. PlanningRead MoreAn Example Of Erik Erikson s Eight Psychosocial Processes1658 Words   |  7 Pages Kevin is 9 years old. He is the third grade in element school and he is in the School Age stage. Soma Processes: A. Psychosexual Mode: Latency Kevin is in the Latency of his psychosexual mode. His actions reflect that he has difficulty to study actively without his father. He looks around careless because he wants to observe his father monitor on him or nor. Instead of being active and obedience on learning, Kevin prefers playing while his father supervises him, The teacher tries to acculturateRead MoreEthical Issues Of The Workplace1494 Words   |  6 Pagesethical concern can be termed as a challenge rather than a problem since it has not taken a side that can be considered as a problem. The challenge is evident and if the alteration of the financial statement to suit the demands of the customers. In the case Helen changes the document then she will have gone against accounting ethical codes. If she fails to adjust the financial statement by showing that the company has more expenses so that it could not pay more taxes than she will be out of the currentRead MoreThe Human Immune System Is A Complex Defence Mechanism That Protects The Body From Harmful Pathogens Essay1486 Words   |  6 Pagesof scale, over 14 million people die annually from vaccine-preventable diseases. In New Zealand a majority of diseases have been eradicated, but some such as whooping cough and pneumococcal are still present. To reduce and stabilize the amount of cases of infected individuals, vaccines are administered to help our immune systems recognize and counteract harmful microorganisms that cause infection. Due to their proven effectiveness, the National Immunisation Schedule in New Zealand recommends thatRead MoreThe Role Of Multinational Corporations ( Mncs )924 Words   |  4 PagesBruton, 2013). There is, however, underrepresentation in the literature about the perceptions of the indigenous workers, and other stakeholders in the host communities, about the role of MNCs in reducing poverty (Turyahabwa, 2014). The goal of this case study research is to expand the understanding of a typical global mining corporation’s stakeholder responsibility policies by exploring the perceptions of indigenous workers of multinational corporations (MNCs). One increasingly popular channel availableRead MoreThe Case Of Ethiopian Social Security Affairs3105 Words   |  13 Pages Research Paper Proposal [ Title: Pension Fund Management in Ethiopia: the case of Ethiopian Social Security affairs Name of advisor: gerba†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦. Prepared by 1. Hirut Fikadu 2. 3. February, 2015 1.1 Background of the paper Globally, there are a lot of people who need help to sustain their life and to fulfill their basic necessity. Especially, as they become old in age and their ability to generate income weaken the relianceRead MoreThree Main Pathways Of Epigenetic Modification1783 Words   |  8 Pagesbenzene) or they may occur spontaneously in the process of cell division, especially in the context of aging. Recently, researchers have discovered another level of inherited cellular information separate from the genes themselves. Epigenetics is the study of modifications to genes that change their patterns of expression. Epigenetic processes can silence a gene or even an entire chromosome. They can cause normally silent genes to be expressed, and can change the process of transcription so that theRead MoreThe Factors Influencing Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure1037 Words   |  5 PagesThe Factors Influencing Corporate Social Responsibility Disclosure in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Ayman I. F. Issa Dongbei University of Finance and Economics Abstract The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between the corporate social responsibility disclosure †CSRD† index and corporate factors, namely, board size, board independence, board meetings, CEO duality, a firm’s size, leverage, profitability and age. To the best of my knowledge this the first to use the GRI 4th editionRead MoreAn Effective And Utilitarian Self Education1164 Words   |  5 Pagesyoung impressionable age in school, but once formed it can last one’s life time (Green, 2001). Nowadays, a lot of students prefer to watch movies and other shows on the television, listening to audio-CDs, watching video-CDs, among others (Issa, 2012). Many parents and teachers repine about students of our generation who have not developed reading habits among themselves. Officials of the West African Examinations Council and teachers of English complain of the kind of English written by

Mycorrhiza Free Essays

The symbiotic relationships that establish involving the roots of major plant species and fungi are called Mycorrhizae. These symbiotic relationships differentiated by the two-way movement of nutrients whereby carbon runs to the fungus. The fungus then facilitates the movement of the inorganic nutrients towards the plant, in that way, it gives a vital connection between the soil and the root of the plant (Smith, 1997). We will write a custom essay sample on Mycorrhiza or any similar topic only for you Order Now The absorbed nutrients by the mycorrhizal fungi can direct to enhanced plant development and reproduction. Accordingly, mycorrhizal plants are frequently more viable and more capable to endure ecological strains than non-mycorrhizal plants. Mycorrhizal relationships differ extensively in structure and purpose. Basidiomycetes that cultivate among root cortical cells of various tree species which create a Hartig net are called Ectomycorrhizal fungi (Smith, 1997). On the other hand, fungi that under the order Glomales and create extremely pronged forms called arbuscules, contained by root cortical cells of numerous herbaceous and forested plant species are called Arbuscular mycorrhizal. Through mycorrhizal fungi, plant is able to respond to colonization (can vary from remarkable development promotion to development depression. Known elements that affect the response of the plant are the following: the nutrient condition of the soil, the inoculum possibility of the mycorrhizal fungi, and the mycorrhizal dependence of the horde crop. Crop rotation, fallowing, and tillage are among management practices that may negatively distress the number of mycorrhizal fungi in the field. Inoculation techniques and methods may be employed in the case wherein native inoculum is short or unproductive. Through the advanced pace of technology in the contemporary and scientific world, inoculation is mainly practicable for uprooted crops as well as in regions where soil interruption has significantly abridged the local inoculum potential. What Mycorrhiza Is A relationship or symbiosis involving plants and fungi which takes over the cortical tissue of roots throughout the stages of active development of plant is referred as mycorrhiza. Such relationship is described by the shift of the carbon produced by the plant towards the fungus as well as the movement of obtained nutrients by the fungus to the plant. In 1885, a German forest pathologist Frank first employed the term mycorrhiza (which denotes â€Å"fungus-root†) to the relationship that he observed from between the tree and fungus. From then on, the symbiotic relationships observed between plants and fungi are characterized by mycorrhiza (Smith, 1997). Increased development and yield or environmentally by enhanced condition characterize the advantages that the plants get from their symbiotic relationships. In such ways, the advantage accumulates mainly for the fact that mycorrhizal fungi establish a vital connection between the soil and the roots of the plant (Varma Hock, 1999). Mycorrhizal fungi generally propagate mutually in the soil and in the root. The extramatrical hyphae (or the soil borne) adopt nutrients drawn from the soil solution and transfer them towards the plant’s root. In this process, mycorrhiza enlarges the productive absorptive exterior part of the plant. In soils which lack nutrient or moisture, nutrients engaged in extramatrical hyphae can result to enhanced plant development and reproduction. In effect, mycorrhizal plants are frequently more viable in defense of ecological hazards than those plants that are not mycorrhizal (Varma Hock, 1999). What Mycorrhiza Does In cases when there is a lack of soil solution in a nutrient, the surface area is the vital root factor which controls the uptake. The hyphae of mycorrhizal have the possibility to significantly amplify the part of the surface area of the root which main function is to absorb the nutrient. Moreover, it is noteworthy to take consideration on the allocation and role of the extramatrical hyphae. The hyphae must be allocated away from the nutrient reduction region that progress around the root if the mycorrhiza is to be productive in the uptake of nutrient (Smith, 1997). In the case when the nutrients are detached from the soil solution more hastily than they can be reinstated by transmission, a nutrient reduction region is developed. A jagged and thin reduction region is developed near the root in the case of a poorly-mobile ion, for example phosphate. Together with a sufficient amount of phosphorus, hyphae can voluntarily link this reduction region and develop into soil. Mycorrizhae improves the uptake of micronutrients (e.g. copper and zinc) for the reason that these elements are also transmission-bounded in major soils (Varma Hock, 1999). The reduction region is broad and it is less probable that hyphae develop at length into the region that is not only affected by the root in case of more mobile nutrients, for example nitrate. The narrow diameter relative to roots effectively helps in the absorption of nutrient which is among the significant factors. The abruptness of the distribution incline for a nutrient is conversely associated to the radius of the absorbing unit (Smith, 19970. Consequently, the soil solution should be less exhausted at the outside of a contracted absorbing unit like a hypha. In addition, contracted hyphae can cultivate into undersized soil stomas unreachable to roots as well as to root hairs. Access to band of phosphorus not voluntarily obtainable to the plant is another benefit characterize to mycorrhizal fungi. One method to obtain such access is by the means of physiochemical discharge of organic and inorganic phosphorus from organic acids as a result of the low-molecular-weight organic anions’ action like that of oxalate which can function to either substitute phosphorus absorbed at metal-hydroxide shells y means of ligand-exchange effects, or liquefy metal-oxide shells that absorb phosphorus, or intricate metals in solution hence averting moisture-generation of metal phosphates (Fox et al., 1990) How the World Sees Mycorrhiza Mycorrhizal relationships differ generally in composition and role. Notwithstanding the countless exclusion, it is likely to affirm wide-ranging oversimplifications concerning altitude, structure, soil properties, and roles of the various mycorrhizal forms that take over the leading undergrowth in a pitch of climatic zones (Read, 1884). Ericaceous plants (which control the acidic, high-organic heath land soils of subarctic and subalpine areas) are taken over by a cluster of ascomycetous fungi which give ascend to the ericoid-type of mycorrhiza (Smith, 1997). A wide-ranging development inside the cortical cells yet have small expansion into the soil characterizes this mycorrhizal variety. The fungi generate extracellular enzymes that break organic substances which enable the plant to absorb nutrients drawn from organic complexes derived in the colloidal substance contiguous on the roots. Heading alongside the ecological ascent, coniferous trees put back ericaceous shrubs as the prevailing foliage. These trees are taken over by an ample array of typically basidiomycetous fungi that cultivate amid root cortical cells establishing the ectomycorrhizal variety of mycorrhiza (Varma Hock, 1999). Ectomycorrhizal fungi may generate huge amounts of hyphae in the soil and on the root (Smith, 1997). These hyphae work in the assimilation and transfer of location of water and inorganic nutrients as well as discharge nutrients from waste deposits through manufacture of enzymes implicated in the â€Å"mineralization† of organic substance. Grasslands frequently establish the principal foliage during the more humid and more parched finish of the ecological pitch. Nutrient employment is elevated and phosphorus is often a restrictive factor for development. A broad range of plants and even grasses are taken over by fungi fitting to the order Glomales. These fungi establish arbuscules or extremely divided structures within root cortical cells which necessitated the arbuscular variety of mycorrhiza. The Glomalean fungi may manufacture wide-ranging extramatrical hyphae and can drastically enlarge phosphorus-inflow charges of the plants they take over (Smith, 1997). The variety of these root-fungal relationships benefits plants with a variety of techniques and methods for well-organized carrying out in an arrangement of plant-soil scheme. The purpose of this paper is to offer an outline of this variety and to analyze the functions and potential for administration of the mycorrhizal symbiotic relationships in local and controlled ecosystems. References Read, D.J., Lewis, D.J., Fitter, A.H. Alexander, I.J. (1992).   Mycorrhizae in ecosystems. CAB  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   International. Fox, T.R., Comerford, N.B. McFee, W.W. (1990). Kinetics of phosphorus release from  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   spodosols: Effects of oxalate and formate. Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 54:1441-1447. Smith, S.E. Read, D.J. (1997). Mycorrhiza Symbioses (Second ed.). Academic Press. Varma, A. Hock, B. (1999). Mycorrhiza: Structure, Function, Molecular Biology and   Biotechnology (Second ed.). Springer. How to cite Mycorrhiza, Essay examples

Reliable Environmental Accounting Reportingâ€Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Reliable Environmental Accounting Reporting? Answer: Introducation The paper relies on upon the BP Deepwater Horizon oil spill to demonstrate the prerequisite for the beginning course of action of exact information as conferred by the all-inclusive community interest speculation. The disappointment of BP to pass on the vital organic framework data to individuals, by the whole, is contrary to the Interest Theory courses of action and has aggravated the route toward reimbursing the damages actuated by BP utilizing such an externality. The association fails to benefit useful information on the external cost that was occasioned by the spillages. Hence, the BP has thought little of the physical damages abusing the advantage of the experience of management causally related effects. Interest Theory (IT) The IT put that course is procured response to the all-inclusive community enthusiasm for the change of the unmerited or blundering business division practices. The IT proposes control to help the overall public as a total rather than express given individual interest. This speculation regards the regulatory body as the illustrative of the extensive social interest whereby it acknowledges its operations as opposed to the individual interests of controllers. The IT is set up on particular maxims in its relating working. It is assumed that business areas are unthinkably imperceptible close by related to acknowledge their operations astronomically and deficiently in case the regulator does not intervene. The above speculation interprets the regulator as an honest go-between to encourage operations of the market. The comprehensive community premium insight holds that organizations acknowledge managerial happenings on banks to improve the shrewd moves of financial relationship by redesigning market frustrations to impel increases of more great customary society. The IT remains unpretentious to market weakness and its probability of working in courteousness of limited nerves while betraying the hugeness of the general populace as a rule. Along these lines, it commends association feature interposition to undeviating and screening financial related markets. The organization mediation highlights on ensuring banks serve the shared eagerness for the conveyance of properties professionally. It deals with that the business essential to reveal middle of the road and guarded data around their execution fiscally, close by non-money related pertinent information including environmental together with social impressions (Michel et al. 2013). The IT premises on the support to display the establishment that declarations the business to reveal the effect of their methodology on the overall population and condition. It resembles way fortifies for the exposure of creative exercises that corporate get to protect people in general overall near the circumstance from irate effects of their techniques. Financial Impacts The financial impacts from the BPs case remain widespread, from the enormous response alongside cleanup costs, to the legal expense and most significantly the loss of its market value. The firm lost fifty-five percent shareholder value following the DWH event. The graph below indicates how BP oil spill affected its share price (Cherry et al. 2017). The fire destroyed the wealth of the shareholders with the share price dropping by 55% from the $59.480 per share to $27.0 per share between April 19, 2010 and June 25, 2010. The oil giant of the Britain has seen its market value plummeting 122 billion US dollars to barely 80 billion US dollars follow the oil spill into the Gulf. The share of the BP have declined by thirty-four percent since the event thereby sparking takeover concerns. The cost of the BPs costs over this Gulf of Mexico oil spill surged beyond 3 billion US dollars (Healy and Griffin 2004). The estimates the total cost differ vastly including the clean-up, fines and compensation, BP might have faced a bill of 12 US billion US dollars in July 20101 which could even soar to 22 billion US dollars in case the spill continues to August of the same year. It is believed that combining the continuing leak and prospect of high legal costs alongside political damage in the US might meant a real likelihood the DWH crisis might d estroy BP culminating into the break-up of the 101-year-old firm, that employs about 80,000 workers, operates 22,400 gas stations as well as generated 239 billion US dollars of the revenue by 2009 (Sandifer et al. 2017). The above diagram shows the impacts of the non-operating charges connected to the BP GoM oil spill response for the first two quarters of the 2010. Damage Valuation Approaches Comparison Measuring the DWH oil spill impacts on the value of the ecosystem services needs the assessment of how the accident culminated in changes in the ecosystems, and how such changes resulted in changes in the provision as well as value of the ecosystems services (Heflin and Wallace 2017). The valuation of these changes needs the estimation of differences in the provision as well as the value of the ecosystem services with, versus without the oil spill. For this to be achieved, a great proportion of the data for the establishment of baseline conditions that is, the status of the ecosystems had the spill failed to occur- must be gathered immediately following the beginning of the spill and prior to the manifestations of the effects (Cherry et al. 2017). For effective measurement of the impact of the human actions either intentional triggered by policies or change in management, or intentional such the BP oil spill in this case, understanding of three key links are necessary. One is the impacts of such actions on environmental conditions which affect function or structure of ecosystem. The second one is the how the alterations in structure and function of ecosystems resulted in changes in providing ecosystem services. The third is how these changes in providing ecosystem services affects well-being of the human, and how values of changes in services based of human well-being can be quantified (Clarke and Mayer 2017). The early work that tried to quantify and value ecosystem services primarily focused on estimates of total value of ecosystem services instead of policy-relevant like in the case of DWH-relevant question of the Business in the value of service with those of management changes or environmental conditions changes. The estimates of the value of ecosystem services by main ecosystem kinds have been used to obtain the estimate of the value a hectare and subsequently multiply by amount of area to obtain a total value of service by type of ecosystem (Patriotta, Gond and Schultz et al. 2011). These ecosystem types are then aggregated across such ecosystems kinds to generate estimate of yearly value of the ecosystem services of the Earth (Liang and Renneboog 2017). However, this approach has been criticized for the misuse of results of studies of small-scale local alterations in context of large-scale alterations. This approach is thus not directly appropriate to the case of DWH oil spill but potentially useful for highlighting the entire significance of ecosystem services (Kwok et al. 2017). Thus, to evaluate DWH oil spill event, the approach is to ask how quantity or value of ecosystem services in GoM would vary with, vis--vis without, the oil spill. This is getting the change in value of services with the spill. There is no relevance for the total value of ecosystem services in DWH oil spill. Therefore, the NRDA approach has been used for evaluating damages linked to DWH spill (Ye and Ki 2017). Need for Reliable environmental Accounting and Reporting There is a need for additional efforts for informed environmental management as well as policy measures that clearly link human actions to the probable alterations in the ecosystems and connect such changes in the ecosystems to the subsequent changes in the well-being of the human. With this increased reliability, the BP could have not hidden any pertinent information that could have availed the actual damages and hence effective compensation for the affected people (Blackmon et al. 2017). What BP did to maintain its Legitimacy in Public? A few month following exploration, BP set up a 20 billion US dollars fund for covering the claimant costs from residents who would be affected by the spill. It set up a 500 million US dollars Gulf of Mexico Research Institute and supplied 50 million US dollars per year to discover ow DWH explosion affected the environment and further its effects on human health (Kato 2017). BP further agreed to donate all its revenue from the recovered oil from Macondo well to the Restoration Gulf Coast which was the Recovered Oil Fund for Wildlife created by the National Fish and Wildlife Foundation (Arora and Lodhia 2017). Conclusion In conclusion, the BP lost financially following the oil spillage and the response it adopted. The firm lost its market share by about 55%, incurred huge legal expenses, and cleanup costs. It is concluded that additional reliable environmental accounting and reporting. This is effective as it could have ensured total disclosure of the environmental impacts of the spill and hence effective compensations for the damages that BP caused to both community and the pertinent stakeholders. References Arora, M.P. and Lodhia, S., 2017. The BP Gulf of Mexico oil spill: Exploring the link between social and environmental disclosures and reputation risk management. Journal of Cleaner Production, 140, pp.1287-1297. Blackmon, B.J., Lee, J., Cochran Jr, D.M., Kar, B., Rehner, T.A. and Baker Jr, A.M., 2017. Adapting to life after Hurricane Katrina and the Deepwater Horizon oil spill: an examination of psychological resilience and depression on the Mississippi Gulf Coast. Social work in public health, 32(1), pp.65-76. Cherry, K.E., Sampson, L., Galea, S., Marks, L.D., Baudoin, K.H., Nezat, P.F. and Stanko, K.E., 2017. Health-related quality of life in older coastal residents after multiple disasters. Disaster medicine and public health preparedness, 11(1), pp.90-96. Clarke, H.E. and Mayer, B., 2017. Community Recovery Following the Deepwater Horizon Oil Spill: Toward a Theory of Cultural Resilience. Society Natural Resources, 30(2), pp.129-144. Healy, R. and Griffin, J.J., 2004. Building BP's Reputation: Tooting Your Own Horn 2001-2002. Public Relations Quarterly, 49(4), p.33. Heflin, F. and Wallace, D., 2017. The BP oil spill: shareholder wealth effects and environmental disclosures. Journal of Business Finance Accounting, 44(3-4), pp.337-374. Kato, N., 2017. Lessons from Marine-Based Oil Spill and Gas Leak Accidents. In Applications to Marine Disaster Prevention (pp. 9-15). Springer Japan. Kwok, R.K., Engel, L.S., Miller, A.K., Blair, A., Curry, M.D. and Jackson, W.B., 2017. The GuLF STUDY: a prospective study of persons involved in the Deepwater Horizon oil spill response and clean-up. Environmental Health Perspectives, 125(4), p.570. Liang, H. and Renneboog, L., 2017. On the foundations of corporate social responsibility. The Journal of Finance, 72(2), pp.853-910. Patriotta, G., Gond, J.P. and Schultz, F., 2011. Maintaining legitimacy: Controversies, orders of worth, and public justifications. Journal of Management Studies, 48(8), pp.1804-1836. Sandifer, P.A., Knapp, L.C., Collier, T.K., Jones, A.L., Juster, R.P., Kelble, C.R., Kwok, R.K., Miglarese, J.V., Palinkas, L.A., Porter, D.E. and Scott, G.I., 2017. A conceptual model to assess stress?associated health effects of multiple ecosystem services degraded by disaster events in the Gulf of Mexico and elsewhere. GeoHealth, 1(1), pp.17-36. Ye, L. and Ki, E.J., 2017. Organizational crisis communication on Facebook: a study of BPs Deepwater Horizon oil spill. Corporate Communications: An International Journal, 22(1).

A Comparison Of Early Civilizations Essays (1134 words) - Enma Eli

A comparison of Early Civilizations A comparison of Early civilizations After reading the articles on early civilization, I've identified several similarities and differences about the people who were from these three cultures. The civilizations in the articles include, the people from Mesopotamia, the Quiche' Indians, a tribe in early Meso-America, and "The book of Genesis" which offers a Christian or biblical explanation of how our own civilization originated. I will tell you about how they believed they came into existence and what they thought they should do to ensure their civilization continued. The three stories offered insight on how the different cultures lived by describing how they believed their civilization was created. Creation of Man All three civilizations believed that the Earth, all the animals, and Man was created by one or several Gods. The Meso- Americans and Mesopotamiams believed in many Gods. On the other hand, the Christians believed that only one God created Man. The Meso-Americans believed that Tepeu, the "Creator' and the Forefathers, a group of great sages and thinkers created their world and everything in it. In the article "Popul Vuh", the Quiche' Indians wrote about how the Creator and the Forefathers planned and created the " growth of the trees and thickets and the birth of life in the darkness, (The Popul Vuh, Chapter 1, Pg. 3). The Mesopotamians believed their world was created after the Gods sent Marduk, the Warrior God to defeat the oldest of the Gods, Tiamet, the patron of Primeval Chaos. Tiamet created terrible dragons, serpents, Hurricanes, tempests and just about anything she could in order to prevent the Gods from creating someone to worship them, (The Creation Epic, Tablet 1, pg. 7). Marduk was summoned to kill Tiamet, which he did and created Man out of his blood and bone, (The Creation Epic, Tablet VI, pg. 11). "The Book of Genesis" tells us how "God made the beast of the earth after his kind, and the cattle after their kind", (The Book of Genesis, Chapter 1, pg. 13). It also tells how "God created Man in his own image", (The Book of Genesis, Chapter 1, pg. 13). This explains that one God created the Earth, the animals, and finally, Man. The Christians and the Mesopotamian people believed that Man was created in their Gods' own image, while The Meso-Americans believed that Man was created from their surrounding environment. The Meso-American society must have been more Paleolithic than the other two civilizations since they identified more with the land in which they lived in than the Mesopotamians or the Christians. A Belief in the Need to Worship Their Gods By believing that their God or Gods had given them everything they had, all three civilizations saw that their Gods had their best interest, safety and security in mind. They believed that their Gods had great powers and controlled their World. Their belief that their God or Gods were so powerful gave them a way to explain their hardships and natural disasters. As long as the Gods were revered and worshipped by them, the people would prosper. The "Popul Vuh" article describes the Quiche' Indians' need to worship the Gods when it writes that since the animals could not say the Gods' names and worship them, they were punished by being sacrificed and condemned to be killed and eaten, (The Popul Vuh, pg.5). "The Creation Epic" describes how Marduk kills Tiamet the Goddess of Chaos because she had planned evil against the Gods, Marduk's fathers, (The Creation Epic, pg. 10). She represented evil and the Gods wanted Marduk to kill Tiamet and establish a place of worship, (The Creation Epic, Tablet IV, pg. 9). Finally, the Christians write in "The Book of Genesis" that when the serpent told Eve that if she ate the forbidden fruit she would be "as Gods, knowing good and evil", (The Book of Genesis, Chapter 3, pg. 15). God then punished Adam and Eve for eating the forbidden fruit by banishing them from the Garden of Eden, (The Book of Genesis, Chapter 3, pg. 15). This meant that the Christians felt the need to recognize and worship God in order for them to have everything that they needed to live safely and comfortably. If they went against God's wishes there would be serious consequences. Their Way of Life and Environment The Quiche' Indians lived in what must have been a beautiful coastal land, full of lush greenery, Cypress and Pine trees. There were also beautiful mountains, valleys, and rivers. Birds and deer abounded throughout this beautiful paradise. This is explained when the "The Popul Vuh" describes the creation of the Earth, (Popul Vuh, Chapter

Internet Search Engines and Search Essay

Internet Search Engines and Search Essay Internet Search Engines and Search Essay Introduction to Business Internet Basics 2 Use this website to complete this assignment: sc.edu/beaufort/library/pages/bones/lesson13.shtml Discuss the following: 1. ASK 2. Dogpile Dogpile, one of the most popular metasearch engines on the Web, was launched in 1996. It is currently operated by InfoSpace, which recently streamlined its interface, giving it a new look and features. Using innovative metasearch technology, Dogpile searches the Web via the Internet's top search engines (see list below), claiming to fetch, with one single click, the best results from its combined pool of search engine sources. (Note: Although it now labels "sponsored links" these are interspersed throughout the results listings and are not always easy to spot. See the "sponsored by" note on the URL line.) Dogpile also displays result links on the right-hand side of the results page for clustering and refining searches even further. Thus, the searcher can drill down into narrower subtopics without having to use advanced search tools. For the intrepid researcher, however,Dogpile also offers an Advanced search page. 3. Clusty 4. Gigablast 5. Google 6. MSN Search 7. Yahoo! Use this website to complete this assignment: sc.edu/beaufort/library/pages/bones/lesson6.shtml Discuss search strategies you can use to find what you want on the Internet. STARTING OUT It's always a good idea to THINK about your search before you begin. Create a search strategy in your head by asking yourself this question DEFAULTS, AND OTHER STUFF In your search statement, if you enter more than one keyword without using any accompanying sign, mark or symbol (see Lesson 7 and Lesson 8 for explanations and examples), the search engine will automatically add either the AND or the OR conjunction to link your search terms together. This could radically alter your search in unexpected ways. Be sure you know the defaults (basic settings) of the search engine you are

Analysis of the Walt Disney Company Speech or Presentation

Analysis of the Walt Disney Company - Speech or Presentation Example For instance, the company provides transportation such that everybody who checks in ceases to use his car while undertaking any session of the trip until the duration of the tour is over. For a number of reasons, diversification strategies at Disney Company have helped improve the organizations economies of scale. For instance, for instance, the organization spends extra services such as picking up of clients who have booked for flight reservation at Disney and drops them off by the organizational vans. This has led to a tremendous advantage over the other competitors as customers often value protection and privileges of care (Ireland et al 2008). Additionally, the firm enjoys considerable economies of scope with diverse potentials from customers, who would either want to dine, pay for parking or from those seeking for reservation at the respective hotels. For instance, competitive advantage is achieved when customers would buy an all in one card which, allows for payments of the tra nsactions while touring across different departments at Disney magic parks. This is otherwise considered very convenient on the part of the customer who does not have to keep on paying for bills at every point of transaction. In addition, this type of card enables the organization in getting economies of scale because, the card contains a float of money and in the long run the customer will often be find himself to have paid for more than one or more services thus beneficial to the organization(Ireland et al 2008). Corporate level strategy On the part of vertical integration, Walt Disney Company has succeeded tremendously in through owning of several units of the organization as a way of increasing the economies of scale while achieving the best competitive advantage in the market. Much of this evidence is made visible through the integration of several business opportunities such as media networks, parks and resorts, studios and consumable products. A lot of benefits have been expe rienced in several ways where one output becomes a tangible input of the other. For instance, for the customers who checks in for reservation the imminent intention of viewing amenities at the park will end up taking part in the purchases of the consumable products produced by the same organization. From this perspective, the organization is capable of earning additional income by form of integration (Miller 251). Disney has made several strategic alliances with like-minded companies such the Siemens of USA where a 12 year plan has been stipulated of pooling together the relevant technological strategies which were meant to improve family entertainment. This agreement has seen Disney as an organization uses several Siemens products while the other hand, Siemens organization sponsors Disney’s shows. The main aspect of this collaboration was meant to enhance technological transformation of different kinds so as maximize competitive advantage against the other rival companies. U ltimately, Disney has also had some other collaboration with companies such as UTV of India to help in the facilitation of animations and shows while banks in Chicago and San Francisco have since assisted in the provision of financial

Information Technology assignment unit 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Information Technology assignment unit 4 - Essay Example The speed is not a great concern so I have chosen a medium speed for printing b. In this scenario we have a firm that uses computer only for word processing. The biggest application occupies 24 MB, so we do not require a system with huge capacity drives and processing power. The hardware configuration selected for this firm is given: c. In this type of firm we need systems that have extreme processing power and clock speed power. Here we have to process at high speed because scientific applications require more processing power, so configuration of the system is given below; d. In this scenario we need a better printing power and this can only be achieved through enhanced memory. Because the printing current pages are stored in the RAM so we need better RAM as compared to processing power. Here we need a printer that can print the pages at higher speed. We also need big data travel drive. a. Magnetic tapes: In this scenario we need to store thousands of employee records for several years. This storage is only for backup procedure. Here we do not require processing of records. So we will choose the magnetic tapes those provide large storage capacity at less expenses. b. Magnetic hard disks: Air line reservation requires fast and large record processing. Here in this scenario we require systems that provide high storage and fast processing speed. The selection of magnetic hard disks is the best choice for such areas of working. c. Recordable optical discs (CD-R: write once, read many): the maintenance manual facility is effectively provided through CR-Rom technology. Main reasons of this technology selection are the less cost and appropriate capacity of medium for the maintenance manual storage. d. Flash memory USB drives: when we want to take any digital data from one place to another then the flash memory USB drives are the best choice. These are high speed data travel

First Person Paper about Esther Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

First Person Paper about Esther - Essay Example However, the queen rejected the Kings Command and the king was furious. The king was advised accordingly that the queen’s behavior would make all women in the kingdom to despise their husbands. A royal decree was made and recorded that her royal position be given to another better woman as a lesson to all women and make men masters in their houses. The king was advised that a search be made for young beautiful virgins in the entire kingdom and be given beauty treatment so that the virgin who would please the king most would be made queen instead Vashti. I was living in the kingdom with my uncle Mordecai as exiles from Jerusalem. My uncle had brought me up as his own daughter since I had no father or mother and I was a young woman lovely and beautiful. When the king’s command was heard, I was also taken with many young women to the palace, under the care of Hegai his eunuch who kept his concubines. I pleased Hegai and gained his favor and this made him give me the best b eauty preparations. Meanwhile I kept my identity secret because my Uncle advised me so. My Uncle showed concern for me and he visited the women’s quarter daily to find out about my progress. ... He placed a crown on my head and made me the queen instead of Vashti. The king made a great feast for me for all his officials and servants, and he proclaimed a holiday in all the provinces and gave gifts generously. In the palace, I never disclosed my identity since I obeyed the advice of my uncle. My Uncle later discovered that people were plotting to eliminate the king and he informed me and I told the king about it. The matter was investigated and was found as true. The men were hanged and this was written in the chronicles before the king. After these things, the king promoted Hamah one of his officers and set him above all the princes and all servants who were commanded by the king to bow to Haman. However, Mordecai would not bow to Haman because he was a Jew and this made Harman very angry. He decided to destroy all the Jews in the whole kingdom and he set a date and month for carrying the plan. He sought permission from the king saying that the practices of the Jews were not in the best interest of the king and he promised to enrich the king’s treasury with silver and gold. The king allowed Haman to do with the Jews as he pleased and a decree was made in all the provinces in all languages and it was sealed with the king’s signet ring. The letters were sent to all provinces to destroy, to annihilate all Jews young and old including women and children on the twelfth month. Mordecai leant of this and he tore his clothes, sat in ashes, and cried loud in the city bitterly and he came to the king’s gate but he could not be allowed because of his attire. All Jews cried in all provinces with fasting, wailing and crying. My made and servants told me and I was distressed and I sent him

Travel Motivation: Linking Theory To Practice

Travel Motivation: Linking Theory To Practice Travel means the movement of people between relatively distant geographical locations for any purpose and any duration, with or without any means of transport. Travel also includes relatively short stays between successive movements. Movements between locations requiring only a few minutes are not considered as travel (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel). In other meaning, travel can be defined as a journey, a trip or a walk from one place to another place in great distance whether using any transport or without transport. Travel can be for recreational purposes, for tourism, to visit people, for business or for commuting, and may occur for numerous other reasons, such as to obtain health care, migration, fleeing war, etc (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel). There are many purposes of travel such as to rest and relax, to meet friends and relatives, to visit and experience new places and also to having fun and enjoying the memorable moment. The young tourist can be defined as youth or young generation or population that age between 16 to 30 years old. In advance, young tourists were neglected by researcher because of they were always being assumed same with the rest tourist population in terms of similarities. Pastor (1991,p.7) states that for too long it has been imagined that young tourists are merely more naive versions of the adult tourist, and that their needs are the same as their elders, but on a smaller, simpler less demanding scale to be considered, in a sense, as sub-requirements. But, actually tourist population was separated in form of age, behavior and motivational factor. Instead, it is claimed that young tourists have a distinct identity, special interests and different needs which distinguish them from adult tourists (Ravon, 1991). This research topic was selected because we never known or never took concern about why people want to travel to overseas or in countries, what inspires them to travel and why they willing to spend their money and time merely just want to explore to other places. Furthermore, we do not have taken concern about the significant of travel, types of person that travel in context of age, behavior and inducement. In addition, tourism industry now increasing quickly to develop and had large potential in order to be major contributor to national economy. At the same time, it can introduce the country to international era with distinctive countrys uniqueness whose can attract various type of tourist to tour. However, every interest or inducement to tour that occurs in tourists themselves are varying because there are various walks of age in tourist population. Hence, we want to study about the young tourists group on their difference of inducement and interest to tour with aged tourists group and what motivates them. After I read all these journals, may be said that a little bit I can understand it and all the issues just now like answered. Especially, the significant or the importance of travel where it can be teaching us about the meaning of life satisfaction, open widest our mind to look the different corner of the world, know the cultural difference elsewhere which we might never known before and give us the experience to socialize and communicate with various type of people. SUMMARY Definition of motivation is general. There is various type of definition that can be used. According to Susan Velez (2008), motivation is the characteristic that is required in order to achieve anything in life; without it you will give up at the first sign of adversity. It is means to inspire and encourage a person to do their best towards something in their life. However, it is a slightly different with the definition of motivation in travel. Travel Motivation: Linking Theory to Practice For the first case study, travel motivation is a critical factor and a driving force behind tourist behavior (Crompton, 1979). The purpose of this study is to review the relevant literature on travel motivation and provides a scenario-based discussion on the applications of travel motivation theories in the industry practice (Huang and Hsu, 2009). This study was conducted by a comprehensive literature review on travel motivations that acknowledged the major theories. Two scenarios are presented and discussed by linking two motivation conceptual schemes, Maslows hierarchy of needs theory and Plogs allocentrism/psychocentrism model, to practical issues in travel management (Huang and Hsu, 2009). However, understanding tourists motivation merely imagination because it is very hard to understand different tourists need and wants from various age layer. It is closely related to the theory that applies in travel motivation with practices that theory into the real world. We need to study and understand totally the theory, only then we can fulfill tourist satisfaction according to age layer, their needs in travel, produce experience travel which meant for them and creating the repeat business. Profiling Young Travelers Travel Behavior According to Sung Chae (2009), the purpose of this study is to segment young travelers travel behavior on the basis of travel motivation. It is based on diverse needs and desires on the tourist attributes. Using oblique principal component cluster analysis, this study identified seven factors in travel motivation: Excitement, Tourist Attraction, New Experience, Relaxation, Atmosphere and Remembrance. The results indicate that the Korean young travelers travel behavior was varied between defined factors and different sets of socio-demographic and travel characteristics. The information was gathered by giving the questionnaire to the subject of study. The young tourist more tend to choose vacation that give maximum pleasure, vacation to attracting places so that they would repeat the vacation to that same place, sense new experience that never felt before this, can give satisfaction of resting and relaxing without any interference and pressure, reposed in place that have atmosphere who can cause mood to revel and produce holiday that memorable forever and made as a sweet memory. Travel Motivations and Destination Activities of Young Travelers of Different Ages: An Empirical Study in the United States Several studies have investigated the differences in tourism and destination activities of different age groups of the travelers in the United States. Previous research studies suggest different segments of American travelers exist based upon generational groupings. The findings of the study, based upon 744 respondents, clearly identified two distinct segments of tourists in the age group of 18-23 and 24-30 in terms of travel motivation and destination activities. The results can be used by managers to improve the experience of these two distinct groups of young travelers (Michael, Dana and Dinesh, 2008). In this study, two groups of different age were focused which is generation X (born 1961-1981) and generation Y (born 1982-2000). Through this study, found that both age group that having differences in terms of travel satisfaction, level of travel experience, motivations to travel and travel activities. After that, the result was produces where there are various factors that motivate them to travel and types of travel activities that they want. Some of the factors that motivate them to travel are the desire to travel foreign place, going to coast or island, having romantic holiday with beloved person, returning to place that we have gone before and want to spend time together with family and friends. Some types of travel activities is sightseeing, shopping, partying and celebrating and dining at special restaurant with good atmosphere and food. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION Based on all research paper, can be deduced that there is tourist from various age layer, gender and standard of living. Through these research papers, a little bit can understand what motivate them to travel, which age group more like to travel and what types of place they like to take a trip. Especially young tourists, they expecting the vacations that gratify most maximum, like to gain new experience or try new materials, and they feel really fortunate if they can go travel to place that all this while they wish although lack of financial resources will be cultivated also. Unfortunately, mostly of young tourists group not emphasizing security matter when travel. Not many of them want a safety vacation such as old tourists. Especially women, because they was barer to various type of danger and threat at night time. Therefore, as a suggestion, they should take several initiatives to prevent thing that did not want to happen. Tell your family and friends on about vacation, keep map when sightseeing, do not carrying goods worth, wearing right clothes such as locals, sensitive with environment or surrounding (especially woman), avoid from dark place and always bring some small tool to defend yourself.

Corruption of the American Dream in F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby :: Great Gatsby Essays

Corruption of the American Dream in The Great Gatsby      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald embodies may themes, however the most salient one relates to the corruption of the American Dream.   The American Dream is that each person no matter who he or she is can become successful in life by his or her own hard work.   The dream also embodies the idea of a self-sufficient man, an entrepreneur making it successful for himself.   The Great Gatsby is about what happened to the American dream in the 1920s, a time period when the dream had been corrupted by the avaricious pursuit of wealth.   The American dream is sublime motivation for accomplishing ones goals and producing achievements, however when tainted with wealth the dream becomes devoid and hollow.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When the American dream was pure, motivation and ambition were some key aspects of the pure American dream.   "He stretched out his arms toward the dark water in a curious way...and distinguished nothing except a single green light"(page.26).   It shows how Gatsby was striving for the his goal and trying to accomplish it. When the dream was pure, motivation and self-discipline were present. This quote talks about Gatsby's daily agenda and how in the earlier days he upheld the pure American Dream "No wasting time at Shafters, No more smoking or chewing, Read one improving book or magazine per week, Save $3.00 per week, Be better to parents" (page 181- 182). Nick says "I became aware of the old island here that flowered once for Dutch sailors' eyes-a fresh green breast of the new world"(page 189). This quote shows the pristine goals of where the possibilities were endless and one could accomplish anything through hard work.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The American dream became corrupted, its main aims were wealth and power.   Gatsby became corrupted because his main goal was to have Daisy. The only reason he want Daisy was that she symbolized wealth and took on the characteristics of money. "Her voice is full of money"(page127). Gatsby needed to have an enormous mansion so he could feel confident enough to try to win Daisy. " That huge place over there? Do you like it?   I love it" (page95).  Ã‚   The tainted dream was so empty that having accouterments of wealth could   even incite feelings of love.

Abortion Persuasive Essay Essay

Despite abortion being a highly controversial and divisive public policy issue, medical abortion is a highly feasible and healthy alternative to other, illicit abortion procedures and the availability of medical abortion should, consequently, be maximized rather than restricted. The reality is that for most women who are seeking ways to end their pregnancy a legal and safe medical abortion is just one of several options that such women are willing to go through. Without a viable and safe option for women seeking ways to end their pregnancy, many more women will engage in risky pregnancy ending behaviors, such as self-induced, non-medical, and illegal abortions. Minimizing the access to abortion services has been a policy goal of conservatives for some time, while the left has sought to increase access to medical abortion services. This debate is framed by several Supreme Court rulings, most notably the Casey v. Carhart case which affirmed women’s right to abortion, limiting th e restrictions that states can put on abortion clinics but leaving ambiguous exactly what restrictions are allowed. While states and local municipalities are not allowed to outlaw abortion clinics, they still enact and enforce severe restrictions on abortion clinics and abortion services. This creates a de facto ban on abortion in many states, particularly red states. The problem addressed in this project is the potential for severe costs of severely limiting the availability of and access to abortion services for mother seeking to end their pregnancies. Relying heavily on recent empirical studies on the health outcomes of mothers after abortions, this project begins by examining the safety, both physical and psychological, of abortions for mothers. Next, this project examines the legal issues that frame the public policy abortion debate, with a particular focus on the Casey v. Carhart case. Finally, this project presents recent findings from various organizations on the prevalence of abortions around the world and, in particular, the United States. The most important finding presented here is that abortion rates tend to remain steady regardless of whether there are several restrictions on abortions, which suggests that women who seek abortions are willing to engage in illegal and unsafe abortion procedures when no legal options are available. Because of this fact and other findings presented below, legal abortion services should be made widely available to populations across the United States. While most public policy debates on abortion focus on the  distinction between persons and non-persons, as well as the point in which a fetus is considered a person, there is considerable debate over the health outcomes of women who go through abortions. Much of the research relevant to the abortion issue focuses on the physical health outcomes of women. Creinin and Danielsson investigate recent evidence on the physical health outcomes in women after they go through abortions. This article discusses many studies concerning medically induced abortion that occur very early in pregnancies. The researchers draw conclusions about trends found in the studies and the empirical data produced by such studies. The researchers here find that medical abortions are becoming safer (121). That is, while at one point medical abortions were potential quite dangerous for women, today, evidence suggests that they are quite safe for the physical health of the women. In fact, the rate of incident is lower than most invasive procedures, the research suggests, which supports the notion that legal medical abortions are substantially safer than other ways that women seek to end their pregnancies. Only studies on legal abortions were featured in this review. While there is no empirical evidence on the safety of illegal abortions performed on women, it would seem that they are unlikely to be nearly as safe as legal medical abortions. The physical health of a woman after receiving an abortion is, of course, a very important factor in determining whether medical abortion practices area safe. However, with much more attention being paid to mental health of individuals and the importance of mental health in living a healthy and meaningful life, it is important to examine research findings on the specific mental health effects of abortion on women. In a systematic review of literature on the long-term mental health outcomes of women Charles et al. analyzes, compares, and discovers tends in the data from more than twenty studies on the long-term mental health outcomes of women who have medical and legal abortions (442). This literature review focuses very heavily on the long-term psychological health of such women and assesses the quality of the findings from each study, on a scale that extends from very poor to excellent in quality. Charles et al. effectively scan the relevant literature from 2000 to 2008 on the menta l health outcomes of women after medical abortions to find the most relevant findings. This literature review finds that most higher quality studies found almost no significant differences in the mental health outcomes of  women who have had abortions performed and those who have not. Additionally, while the studies that were much poorer in quality than the aforementioned studies more than half of the time produced findings that suggested that women who have had an abortion in their life times have significantly worse mental health outcomes. Thus, there may be two sorts of data being presented in public policy debate on abortion: data that suggests that women do not suffer negative long-term mental health consequences of abortion and data that suggests otherwise. The objective Charles et al. literature review, however, strongly supports the latter findings, suggesting that, in fact, there is support against the notion that medical abortions lead to long-term negative mental health outcomes in women. While the systematic literature review of the available data on the psychological health of women after abortions is highly useful in any attempts to determine the risks associated with legal abortions, there is a need for the presentation of much more recent research findings on this issue. Munk-Olsen et al. report the results of a study on the risks of mental disorders and threats to psychological health in women who have gone through induced abortions during their first trimesters. The results of this study are very recent and help to shed light on exactly how safe medical abortions have become. Also, the findings presented in this study have been compared to the results of other studies performed at a similar time to this study, making for more meaningful and significant results. The results of this study indicate that there is no significant difference between the prevalence of mental disorders in women who have had at least one abortion and those who have not (336). Additionally, the results of this study showed that the participants who had gone through abortions were not in significantly different mental health conditions than the participants who had not gone through abortions (336). The findings form this study lend strong support for the notion that access to abortion clinics should be maximized. One notable problem in public policy debates it the availability of data on the frequency of abortions, both legal and illegal, performed in the United States. Jones et al. presents findings about the frequency of abortions in the United States, as well as the availability of abortion services across the United States. The researchers found that in general access to legal abortion services was quite low, despite the Supreme Court ruling that women have a constitutional  right to an abortion (11). However, the authors note that all of the available data for the report did not include any data on unreported abortions, which, presumably, mostly includes illegal abortions. There is a problem emerging in regard to the availability of data on legal abortions and illegal abortions. The problem is that there is a wealth of data available on the prevalence and health outcomes of legal abortions, while there is virtually no meaningful data on illegal abortions. This is, of course, due to the fact of the illegality of such abortions. Nevertheless, it can be difficult to measure the potential harms committed in illegal abortions when not enough data is available. Additionally, comparing legal to illegal abortions and their respective maternal health outcomes is quite challenging given the differences in the availability of data. Even so, there are several assumptions that can help draw sound conclusions based on these research findings. One assumption is that legal abortion procedures tend to be safer than illegal abortion procedures. The rationale behind this assumption is that there is a greater likelihood that legal abortion procedures are performed by trained medical professionals who are qualified for such procedures. For illegal abortion procedures, neither the proper training nor the proper credentials are required. Additionally, illegal abortion procedures include self-initiated abort procedures, which are, of course, not performed by medical professionals. Another sound assumption is that as the availability of and access to legal medical abortion procedures decreases, the number of illegal and unsafe abortion procedures increases. This is because many women choose to have abortions whether legal or illegal. Easy access to a safe and legal abortion clinic is likely more preferable for most women seeking abortions. Thus, when such women do not have access to a safe and legal abortion clinic, many will still choose to have an abortion, but under much less safe conditions. Pazol et al. present a report on the prevalence of abortions in the United States. This report features a number of surveillance summaries on abortions performed. The data used to construct such summaries is provided by the Center for Disease Control. The data is compiled and then analyzed, leading to a number of summative statistics concerning the rates of abortion in the United States. The number of reported abortions is among the leading statistic in this report, as is the abortion rate by age groups and several historical data  trends. This report indicates that the number of performed abortions in the United States increased from the mid-1990s to the late 2000s (Pazol et al. 27). However, more recently, the data suggest that reported abortion numbers have fallen, as have abortion rates in the United States. The report finds that access to abortion in many parts of the country has decreased, which may help to explain why the number of reported abortions has decreased (Pazol et al. 29). The findings from this study do not include findings of unreported or ille gal abortions. Nevertheless, the findings from this study are consistent with previous findings and follow the path that the legal framework for abortion and abortion restriction policies appears to have taken with recent Supreme Court rulings. Once of the most important Supreme Court cases concerning state restrictions on abortion is the Casey v. Carhart case. The law professor Reva Siegel wrote a law review article on the Casey v. Carhart case. The ruling by the Supreme Court in this case is that states are not allowed to severely restrict women’s access to abortion services (Siegel 1724). Doing so is a violation of women’s right to an abortion, according to the Court. This ruling affirms prior rulings that have stated that states may not prohibit abortion and may not make it so difficult for a woman to get an abortion that the states have de facto banned abortion (Siegel 1729). Despite this very important ruling from the Supreme Court, states are, in many ways, still allowed to severely restrict access to abortion clinics to the point where most women seeking abortion in a state will be more likely to choose to either not have an abortion or have an illegal abortion. This is because the Supreme Court ruled that states, themselves, must be challenged on a case-by-case basis before the exact laws that restrict abortion can be deemed unconstitutional (Siegel 1736). In other words, though the Supreme Court struck down state legislation that put severe limitations on legal abortion clinics, states still have so many other limitations that have not been explicitly stricken down and, thus, can still be used by the states to effectively ban abortion. Even though the Court has stricken down several specific forms of limitations for legal abortion clinics, states have still continued to come up with new ways to limit abortion clinic practices that the Court has yet to strike down (Siegel 1732). The current state of the law concerning abortion and state policy abortion restrictions is such that states are allowed to  substantially restrict access to safe and legal abortion procedures. Another legal scholar, Mary Anne Warren, agrees that the current legal status of abortion is such that states are largely free to severely limit access to safe and legal abortion procedures, despite Supreme Court rulings that would seem to suggest otherwise (142). Warren argues that not only is the current legal status of abortion in the United States an uncertain one and one that need further clarification from the Supreme Court, but also that the Court has expressed the strong moral obligation to allow women to have abortions, yet has not done nearly enough to make this assertion hold among the states (145). Warren presents findings from several different studies and literature on the various effects of abortion, the established rates of reported abortion, and the availability of abortion clinics. The findings presented by Warren show that there is a strong contradiction in what the Supreme Court claims is the established rights of women to have an abortion and the actual state of affairs. One of the biggest issues, Warren states, with the current state of affairs for abortion is that the access to abortion differs radically by state. In some states, abortion clinics are easy to find, while in others, they are virtually non-existent due to severe limitations and restrictions imposed by the state (141). Although it is typical for states to differ substantially on many public policy issues, for several Supreme Court decisions to come down and expressly prohibit states from imposing such abortion limitations, it is a clear contradiction by the Court. From many perspectives, then, the current legal situation of abortion and abortion restrictions by the states in the United States in one that allows the states far too much leeway in how far they can restrict access to abortion. Research from 2013 suggests that more than twenty million unsafe abortions happen every year worldwide annually. However, less than two percent of these abortions occur in developed countries. Additionally, far fewer occur in the United States (Sedgh et al. 27). This finding would appear to suggest that the number of unsafe abortions is relatively low in the United States compared to the rest of the world. However, the United States has a low tolerance for abortions, compared to many of the other states included in these research findings. Moreover, the United States has a rate of maternal  fatalities for legal abortions that is less than 1 out of 10,000, with almost all of such fatalities occurring past 16 weeks after conception (World Health Organization 16). Recent research findings have confirmed the assumptions that certain clinical practices and mandates for abortion procedures lead to very safe abortions (World Health Organization 30). This finding provides substantial support in favor of keeping the availability of legal and safe abortion options available to women who are determined to get an abortion. Research findings from 2013 also suggest that â€Å"where legislation allows abortion under broad indications, the incidence of and complications from unsafe abortion are typically lower where abortion is legally more restricted† (World Health Organization 17). Furthermore, the World Health Organization reports that â€Å"where abortion is legally more restricted or available on request, a woman’s likelihood of having an unintended pregnancy and seeking induced abortion is about the same† (17). Additionally, research findings from World Health Organization reports indicate that illegal abortion practices tend to be much less safe than legal abortion practices (23). The World Health Organization findings strongly suggest that women who seek abortion services are likely to engage in some form of abortion services even when such services are unsafe or illegal. These findings are not only applicable to the world, in general, but also apply to the United States specifically. The report by the World Health Organization on the rates of abortion in countries that impose strict abortion laws and those that have not shows that when countries tighten their restrictions on abortion the actual rates of abortion tend not to decrease substantially, meaning that women who seek abortions are still having abortions performed, even when such abortions are illegal and unsafe (22). These findings support the notion that the levels of restrictions on abortions in the United States should be decreased and the availability of and access to abortion services for women should be maximized, not minimized. The evidence presented here strongly suggests that women will be better off if abortion services are made widely available. Current restrictions on abortion services, particularly through state legislative actions, are making it much more difficult for women to find abortion clinics. Many abortion clinics have closed in many states, particularly red states. The political divide on this issue is leading to states polarizing,  with many states having a very high level of abortion clinic availability and many other states having a very low level of abortion clinic availability and access. However, the Supreme Court has already ruled on this issue. It is unconstitutional for any state to outright ban abortion or make it so difficult for a woman to receive an abortion that abortion is de facto banned, meaning that for all intends and purposes abortion is banned by the state. The states that are severely limiting women’s access to safe and legal abortion procedures are not only violating the Constitutional as interpreted by the Supreme Court, but are also harming women. The fact that women will continue to seek abortion procedures, even when no safe and legal abortion procedures are available means that women are willing to cause significant bodily risk to themselves to have an abortion. With this in mind, restricting access to abort ion is creating many more risky situations than was ever intended. It should be realized that further restricting safe and legal abortion procedures in any particular state is simply hurting the women who may be seeking abortions at some point in those states. Evidence presented earlier showed that legal abortion procedures are very safe now, which means that women who seek abortions can have access to safe abortion procedures, but only if the abortion procedures in the given state are low. In states with high abortion restrictions, many women will be denied access to safe abortion procedures, despite such procedures being protected by the Constitution. By not acting to bring down the restrictions on abortions that are harming women by putting them in risky situations and continuing to tighten such restrictions, policy makers are acting irresponsibility. The topic of abortion in public policy debates is typically highly controversial and divisive. Even so, the findings presented here show that because medical abortion is a highly feasible and healthy alternative to illegal and unhealthy abortion procedures. Thus, the availability of and access to legal medical abortion procedures should be increased. As shown above, research suggests that most women who seek means end their pregnancies tend to find ways to have abortions, legal otherwise. After all, a legal and safe medical abortion is just one of several options, many of which are unsafe. Without a viable and safe option for women seeking ways to end their pregnancy, many more women will engage in risky pregnancy ending behaviors, such as self-induced, non-medical, and illegal abortions. Minimizing the access to  abortion services has been a policy goal of the right, while the left seeks to increase access to medical abortion services. The ensuing public policy debate is framed by the Casey v. Carhart case which affirmed women’s right to abortion, limiting the restrictions that states can put on abortion clinics but leaving ambiguous exactly what restrictions are allowed. While states and local municipalities are not allowed to outlaw abortion clinics, they still enact and enforce severe restrictions on abortion clinics and abortion services. This creates a de facto ban on abortion in many states, particularly red states. This project has addressed the problem of the possibility of extreme unsafe risks to women seeking abortion services when access has been severely limited by state and local policies. This project presents recent empirical studies on the health outcomes of mothers after abortions, examining the safety, both physical and psychological, of abortions for mothers. It also presented the legal issues that frame the public policy abortion debate, with a particular focus on the Casey v. Carhart case, before turning to recent findings the prevalence of abortions in the United States. Abortion rates tend to remain steady regardless of whether there are several restrictions on abortions, which suggests that women who seek abortions are willing to engage in illegal and unsafe abortion procedures when no legal options are available. This crucial finding is well supported in by research and strongly supports the concl usion of this project: legal abortion services should be made widely available to populations across the United States. Works Cited Charles, Vignetta E., et al. â€Å"Abortion and long-term mental health outcomes: a systematic review of the evidence.† Contraception 78.6 (2008): 436-450. Creinin, Mitchell D., and Kristina Gemzell Danielsson. â€Å"Medical abortion in early pregnancy.† Management of Unintended and Abnormal Pregnancy: Comprehensive Abortion Care (2009): 111-134. Githens, Marianne, and Dorothy McBride Stetson, eds. Abortion politics: public policy in cross-cultural perspective. Routledge, 2013. Jones, Rachel K., et al. â€Å"Abortion in the United States: incidence and access to services, 2005.† Perspectives on Sexual and Reproductive Health 40.1 (2008): 6-16. Munk-Olsen, Trine, et al. â€Å"Induced first-trimester abortion and risk of mental disorder.† New England Journal of Medicine 364.4 (2011): 332-339. Pazol, Karen, et al. â€Å"Abortion surveillance–United States, 2009.† MMWR Surveillance Summit 61.8 (2012): 1-44. Rohlinger, Deana A. Abortion Politics, Mass Media, and Social Movements in America. Cambridge University Press, 2014. Sedgh, Gilda, et al. â€Å"Induced abortion: estimated rates and trends worldwide.† The Lancet 37.5 (2007): 1338-1345. Siegel, Reva. â€Å"Dignity and the politics of protection: abortion restrictions under Casey/Carhart.† Yale Law Journal 117 (2008): 1694-1802. Warren, Mary Anne. â€Å"On the moral and legal status of abortion.† (2009). World Health Organization. â€Å"Unsafe abortion: global and regional estimates of incidence of unsafe abortion and associated mortality in 2008.† (2011).

Japans Genpei War, 1180 - 1185

Japan's Genpei War, 1180 - 1185 Date: 1180-1185 Location: Honshu and Kyushu, Japan Outcome: Minamoto clan prevails and almost wipes out Taira; Heian era ends and Kamakura shogunate begins The Genpei War (also romanized as Gempei War) in Japan was the first conflict between large samurai factions.  Although it happened nearly 1,000 years ago, people today still remember the names and accomplishments of some of the great warriors who fought in this civil war. Sometimes compared with Englands War of the Roses, the Genpei War featured two families fighting for power.  White was the clan color of the Minamoto, like the House of York, while the Taira used red like the Lancasters.  However, the Genpei War predated the Wars of the Roses by three hundred years.  In addition, the Minamoto and Taira were not fighting to take the throne of Japan; instead, each wanted to control the imperial succession. Lead-up to the War The Taira and Minamoto clans were rival powers behind the throne. They sought to control the emperors by having their own favorite candidates take the throne.  In the Hogen Disturbance of 1156 and the Heiji Disturbance of 1160, though, it was the Taira who came out on top.   Both families had daughters who had married into the imperial line.  However, after the Taira victories in the disturbances, Taira no Kiyomori became the Minister of State; as a result, he was able to ensure that his daughters three-year-old son became the next emperor in March of 1180.  It was the enthronement of little Emperor Antoku that led the Minamoto to revolt. War Breaks Out On May 5, 1180, Minamoto Yoritomo and his favored candidate for the throne, Prince Mochihito, sent out a call to war.  They rallied samurai families related to or allied with the Minamoto, as well as warrior monks from various Buddhist monasteries.  By June 15, Minister Kiyomori had issued a warrant for his arrest, so Prince Mochihito was forced to flee Kyoto and seek refuge in the monastery of Mii-dera.  With thousands of Taira troops marching toward the monastery, the prince and 300 Minamoto warriors raced south toward Nara, where additional warrior monks would reinforce them. The exhausted prince had to stop to rest, however, so the Minamoto forces took refuge with the monks at the easily defensible monastery of Byodo-in.  They hoped that monks from Nara would arrive to reinforce them before the Taira army did.  Just in case, however, they tore the planks from the only bridge across the river to Byodo-in. At first light the next day, June 20, the Taira army marched quietly up to Byodo-in, hidden by thick fog.  The Minamoto suddenly heard the Taira war-cry  and replied with their own.  A fierce battle followed, with monks and samurai firing arrows through the mist at one another.  Soldiers from the Tairas allies, the Ashikaga, forded the river and pressed the attack.  Prince Mochihito tried to escape to Nara in the chaos, but the Taira caught up with him and executed him.  The Nara monks marching toward Byodo-in heard that they were too late to help the Minamoto, and turned back.  Minamoto Yorimasa, meanwhile, committed the first classical seppuku in history, writing a death poem on his war-fan, and then cutting open his own abdomen. It seemed that the Minamoto revolt and thus the Genpei War had come to an abrupt end.  In vengeance, the Taira sacked and burned the monasteries that had offered aid to the Minamoto, slaughtering thousands of monks and burning Kofuku-ji and Todai-ji in Nara to the ground. Yoritomo Takes Over The leadership of the Minamoto clan passed to the 33-year-old Minamoto no Yoritomo, who was living as a hostage in the home of a Taira-allied family.  Yoritomo soon learned that there was a bounty on his head.  He organized some local Minamoto allies, and escaped from the Taira, but lost most of his small army in the Battle of Ishibashiyama on September 14.  Yoritomo escaped with his life, fleeing into the woods with Taira pursuers close behind.   Yoritomo made it to the town of Kamakura, which was solidly Minamoto territory.  He called in reinforcements from all of the allied families in the area.  On November 9, 1180, at the so-called Battle of the Fujigawa (Fuji River), the Minamoto and allies faced an over-extended Taira army.  With poor leadership and long supply lines, the Taira decided to withdraw back to Kyoto without offering a fight.   A hilarious and likely exaggerated account of the events at Fujigawa in the Heiki Monogatari claims that a flock of water-fowl on the river marshes was started into flight in the middle of the night.  Hearing the thunder of their wings, the Taira soldiers panicked and fled, grabbing bows without arrows or taking their arrows but leaving their bows.  The record even claims that Taira troops were mounting tethered animals and whipping them up so that they galloped round and round the post to which they were tied. Whatever the true cause of the Taira retreat, there followed a two-year lull in the fighting.  Japan faced a series of droughts and floods that destroyed the rice and barley crops in 1180 and 1181.  Famine and disease ravaged the countryside; an estimated 100,000 died.  Many people blamed the Taira, who had slaughtered monks and burned down temples.  They believed that the Taira had brought down the wrath of the gods with their impious actions, and noted that Minamoto lands did not suffer as badly as those controlled by the Taira. Fighting began again in July of 1182, and the Minamoto had a new champion called Yoshinaka, a rough-hewn cousin of Yoritomos, but an excellent general.  As Minamoto Yoshinaka won skirmishes against the Taira  and considered marching on Kyoto, Yoritomo grew increasingly concerned about his cousins ambitions.  He sent an army against Yoshinaka in the spring of 1183, but the two sides managed to negotiate a settlement rather than fighting one another. Fortunately for them, the Taira were in disarray.  They had conscripted a huge army, marching forth on May 10, 1183, but were so disorganized that their food ran out just nine miles east of Kyoto.  The officers ordered the conscripts to plunder food as they passed from their own provinces, which were just recovering from the famine.  This prompted mass desertions. As they entered Minamoto territory, the Taira divided their army into two forces.  Minamoto Yoshinaka managed to lure the larger section into a narrow valley; at the Battle of Kurikara, according to the epics, Seventy thousand horsemen of the Taira perish[ed], buried in this one deep valley; the mountain streams ran with their blood... This would prove the turning point in the Genpei War. Minamoto In-Fighting Kyoto erupted in panic at the news of the Taira defeat in Kurikara.  On August 14, 1183, the Taira fled the capital.  They took along most of the imperial family, including the child emperor, and the crown jewels.  Three days later, Yoshinakas branch of the Minamoto army marched into Kyoto, accompanied by the former Emperor Go-Shirakawa. Yoritomo was nearly as panicked as the Taira were by his cousins triumphal march.  However, Yoshinaka soon earned the hatred of the citizens of Kyoto, allowing his troops to pillage and rob people regardless of their political affiliation.  In February of 1184, Yoshinaka heard that Yoritomos army was coming to the capital to expel him, led by another cousin, Yoritomos courtly younger brother Minamoto Yoshitsune.  Yoshitsunes men quickly dispatched Yoshinakas army.  Yoshinakas wife, the famous female samurai Tomoe Gozen, is said to have escaped after taking a head as a trophy.  Yoshinaka himself was beheaded while trying to escape on February 21, 1184. End of the War and Aftermath: What remained of the Taira loyalist army retreated into their heartland.  It took the Minamoto some time to mop them up.  Almost a year after Yoshitsune ousted his cousin from Kyoto, in February of 1185, the Minamoto seized the Taira fortress and make-shift capital at Yashima.   On March 24, 1185, the final major battle of the Genpei War took place.  It was a naval battle in the Shimonoseki Strait, a half-day fight called the Battle of Dan-no-ura. Minamoto no Yoshitsune commanded his clans fleet of 800 ships, while Taira no Munemori led the Taira fleet, 500 strong.  The Taira were more familiar with the tides and currents in the area, so initially were able to surround the larger Minamoto fleet and pin them down with long-range archery shots.  The fleets closed in for hand-to-hand combat, with samurai leaping aboard their opponents ships and fighting with long and short swords.  As the battle wore on, the turning tide forced the Taira ships up against the rocky coastline, pursued by the Minamoto fleet. When the tides of battle turned against them, so to speak, many of the Taira samurai jumped into the sea to drown rather than being killed by the Minamoto.  The seven-year-old Emperor Antoku and his grandmother also jumped in and perished.  Local people believe that small crabs that live in the Shimonoseki Strait are possessed by the ghosts of the Taira samurai; the crabs have a pattern on their shells that looks like a samurais face. After the Genpei War, Minamoto Yoritomo formed the first bakufu and ruled as Japans first shogun from his capital at Kamakura.  The Kamakura shogunate was the first of various bakufu that would rule the country until 1868  when the Meiji Restoration returned political power to the emperors. Ironically, within thirty years of the Minamoto victory in the Genpei War, political power would be usurped from them by regents (shikken) from the Hojo clan.  And who were they?  Well, the Hojo were a branch of the Taira family. Sources Arnn, Barbara L.  Local Legends of the Genpei War: Reflections of Medieval Japanese History, Asian Folklore Studies, 38:2 (1979), pp. 1-10. Conlan, Thomas.  The Nature of Warfare in Fourteenth-Century Japan: The Record of Nomoto Tomoyuki, Journal for Japanese Studies, 25:2 (1999), pp. 299-330. Hall, John W.  The Cambridge History of Japan, Vol. 3, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (1990). Turnbull, Stephen.  The Samurai: A Military History, Oxford: Routledge (2013).

Connote and Denote - Commonly Confused Words

Connote and Denote - Commonly Confused Words The verb connote means to suggest, imply, or signify indirectly. The verb denote means to indicate, serve as a sign of (something), or signify directly. Examples: The word train, which denotes transportation, also connotes old-fashioned travel, perhaps the nineteenth century by association, maybe a sort of romanticism of traveling, even mystery, exoticism, and intrigue, as in the Orient Express; or in another vein, slowness, noise, pollution, crowds, and the like.(Mark Gottdiener, The Theming of America, 1997)[I]n English and other languages, the high-front vowel ee often seems to connote small, as in teeny-weeny.(Jack Rosenthal, From Arf to Zap. The New York Times, June 30, 1985)Contrary to the popular misuse of the term to denote a computer criminal, a hacker is someone who solves a problem in a clever or little-known way.(Adam Pash and Gina Trapani, Lifehacker, 2011)[T]he Lenovo rep used the term rip and flip to denote how the screen can be removed and reconfigured. I’m not sure whether the term will stick, but that’s basically the near future of portable computing: your screen detaches from the keyboard to be used as a tablet for fun or mobility, and then docks back into the keyboard when you need to do some work.(Doug Aamoth, The Phrase ‘Rip and Flip’ Basically Sums Up the Near Future of Portable Computing. Time, January 7, 2013) Usage Notes: A word is said to connote something if it suggests or implies secondary meanings/associations/emotions additional to (or other than) its primary or literal meaning. A word is said to denote something if it indicates, signifies or, simply, means it. . . .To use connote for denote is a common looseness; to use denote for connote is plain wrong.(B.A. Phythian, A Concise Dictionary of Confusables. John Wiley Sons, 1990)Denote is rarely if ever misused. Connote, however, is becoming rarer by the day in its traditional sense, illustrated here: In careful usage, notoriety carries a connotation of wichedness, evil, or gravely bad conduct. James J. Kirkpatrick, A Little Refresher Course, Tulsa World, 25 Nov. 1996, at A8. . . .And connotate. *Connotate is a needless variant of connote.(Bryan A. Garner, Garners Modern American Usage. Oxford University Press, 2009)The confusion lies in these signifying senses, for denote describes the relation between the expression and the thing it conventiona lly names, whereas connote describes the relation between the word and the images or associations it evokes:  ...the term leisure, as here used, does not connote indolence or quiescence. - Thorstein Veblen, The Theory of the Leisure Class, The American Heritage Guide to Contemporary Usage and Style, Houghton Mifflin, 2005. Practice Exercises (a) Odd–even pricing (or psychological pricing) means pricing at odd-numbered prices to _____ a bargain and pricing at even-numbered prices to imply quality.(C.W. Lamb et al., Marketing, 2009)(b) Ladies and gentlemen, a big hand for the letter X. Its the most versatile letter in the alphabet. A singular X can _____ a kiss, the location of buried treasure, or a mistake in a schoolboy essay.(Charlie Brooker, Opportunity Knocked. The Guardian, September 10, 2004)(c) I don’t doubt that the name [Redskins] was intended to be complimentary rather than mockingit was surely supposed to _____ skill, bravery and a warrior spirit. But intentions are irrelevant if a large proportion of the group that it’s honoring consider the name a racial slur.(Pat Meyers, Style Conversational Week 1037. The Washington Post, September 5, 2013) Answers (a) Odd–even pricing (or psychological pricing) means pricing at odd-numbered prices to  connote  a bargain and pricing at even-numbered prices to imply quality.(C.W. Lamb et al.,  Marketing, 2009)(b) Ladies and gentlemen, a big hand for the letter X. Its the most versatile letter in the alphabet. A singular X can  denote  a kiss, the location of buried treasure, or a mistake in a schoolboy essay.(Charlie Brooker, Opportunity Knocked.  The Guardian, September 10, 2004)(c) I don’t doubt that the name [Redskins]  was  intended to be complimentary rather than mockingit was surely supposed to  connote  skill, bravery and a warrior spirit. But intentions are irrelevant if a large proportion of the group that it’s honoring consider the name a racial slur.(Pat Meyers, Style Conversational Week 1037.  The Washington Post, September 5, 2013)